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Physical Review A

Lifetime of the 1s2(P11) and 1s4(P13) levels of neon by the cascade Hanle effect

Natarajan D. Bhaskar, Allen Lurio

Published Apr 1, 1976• 33 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The theory of the cascade level-crossing effect as formulated by Happer is evaluated for zero-nuclear-spin atomic systems and extended to include the case of a polarized initial state. We have used this theory to interpret our cascade-Hanle-effect results (zero-field level crossings) to obtain the lifetime of the two resonance levels, $1{s}_{2}(^{1}P_{1})$ and $1{s}_{4}(^{3}P_{1})$, of the $2{p}^{5}3s$ configuration of neon. The resonance lines 744 \AA{} ($1{s}_{4}\ensuremath{-}^{1}S_{0}$) and 736 \AA{} ($1{s}_{2}\ensuremath{-}^{1}S_{0}$) are produced in the cascade to the ground $^{1}S_{0}$ state when a beam of metastable $1{s}_{3}(^{3}P_{0})$ and $1{s}_{5}(^{3}P_{2})$ neon atoms is excited by selected lines of the $2{p}^{5}3s\ensuremath{-}2{p}^{5}3p$ transition array. Our results are $\ensuremath{\tau}(1{s}_{2})=1.65\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.16$ nsec and $\ensuremath{\tau}(1{s}_{4})=20.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5$ nsec.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.13.1484

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Lifetime of the 2P11 and 3P11 States of Atomic Helium

James M. Burger, Allen Lurio

The radiative lifetime of the $2^{1}P_{1}$ and $3^{1}P_{1}$ state of atomic helium has been measured by the level-crossing technique. In the experiment, a beam of $2^{1}S_{0}$ metastable atoms was first produced and then excited to the $2^{1}P_{1}$ or $3^{1}P_{1}$ state with resonance radiation. The lifetimes were measured by observing the zero-field level-crossing signals in the detected 584- or 537-\AA{} fluorescent radiation when these $^{1}P_{1}$ states decayed to the $1^{1}S_{0}$ ground state. The results are $\ensuremath{\tau} (2^{1}P_{1})=(5.57\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ sec and $\ensuremath{\tau} (3^{1}P_{1})=(1.73\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.11)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ sec. These values are in excellent agreement with theory.

Physical Review A•Jan 1, 1971•21 citations

Hanle Effect in 2P1 Helium

Edward S. Fry, W. Williams

The oscillator strength for the resonance ($1^{1}S\ensuremath{-}2^{1}P$) transition in atomic helium has been determined from a measurement of the lifetime of the $2^{1}P$ state. This lifetime was obtained using a modified zero-field level crossing (Hanle) method. The scattering sample was a thermal velocity beam of $2^{1}S$ metastable atoms. Resonant 2-\ensuremath{\mu} ($2^{1}S\ensuremath{-}2^{1}P$) radiation is absorbed by the $2^{1}S$ atoms, which are excited to the $2^{1}P$ state. This state then primarily decays to the ground $1^{1}S$ state with the emission of resonance (584 \AA{}) radiation. The lifetime of the $2^{1}P$ state was determined from measurements of the magnetic-field dependence of the angular distribution of the 584 \AA{} intensity. This new technique eliminates the problem of constructing a vacuum ultraviolet resonance lamp. The measured lifetime $\ensuremath{\tau} (2^{1}P)$ is (5.63 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.22) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ sec. The resulting absorption oscillator strength for the resonance transition is 0.273 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.011. This oscillator strength agrees with the theoretical value.

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Cascade Hanle effect in the 53D3-53P2transition in cadmium

K. K. Boyarskii, Eugeny N. Kotlikov

A signal due to the crossing of levels in zero magnetic field was observed in the λ=361 nm (53D3–53P2 transition) spontaneous radiation from the lower laser level of a Cd I pulse laser. The level-crossing signal had a profile close to the difference between two Lorentzian profiles, one of which was due to the decay of the upper laser level and the other to the decay of the lower laser level. The lifetimes of these levels and the cross sections of the depolarizing collisions with neon were determined.

Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics•Jan 31, 1975•0 citations

Hyperfine structure and lifetime measurements of the second-excited D states of rubidium and cesium by cascade fluorescence spectroscopy

C. Tai, W. Happer, R. Gupta

The hyperfine structure of the second-excited $D$ states of $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$, $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$, and $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$ has been measured by the method of cascade-radio-frequency spectroscopy and cascade-level crossing. The sign of the magnetic-dipole coupling constant $A$ is determined by the method of cascade-decoupling and cascade-radio-frequency spectroscopy with narrow-band excitation. Lifetimes $\ensuremath{\tau}$ of some of these states are measured by the cascade-Hanle effect. We find that for $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$, $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=14.43\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.23$ MHz, $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=\ensuremath{-}7.44\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10$ MHz, $\ensuremath{\tau}(5^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=205\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}40$ nsec; for $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$, $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=4.18\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.20$ MHz, $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=\ensuremath{-}2.12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.20$ MHz; for $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$, $A(6^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=16.30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15$ MHz, $A(6^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=\ensuremath{-}3.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0$ MHz, $\ensuremath{\tau}(6^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=57\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15$ nsec.

Physical Review A•Sep 1, 1975•46 citations

Level-Crossing Spectroscopy in 7S2 Thallium. I. Studies of Coherence-Narrowing, Collision-Broadening, and Buffer-Gas Effects

Jin-Yuan Hsieh, James C. Baird

The lifetime, coherence narrowing, and collision broadening of the $7^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}$ excited state of atomic thallium has been studied by the technique of zero-field level-crossing spectroscopy. The lifetime of the $7^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}$ state is determined to be 7.55 (0.08) nsec. The full coherence-narrowing effect gave a branching ratio, from $F=0$ of $7^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}$ to the ground state, of 43%. The cross section for thallium-thallium resonance-broadening collisions is ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{T}\mathrm{l}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{l}}=\frac{5.38(0.49)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}}{\overline{v}}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. The effect of 426-torr helium on the thallium lifetime, coherence narrowing, and resonance broadening was also investigated. From the low-thallium-density region the cross section for helium depolarization of the thallium $7^{2}S$ state is ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{T}\mathrm{l}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{e}}\ensuremath{\cong}\frac{7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}}{\overline{v}}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. There is also indication of a buildup of population in the metastable $6^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ thallium state. From the data, the cross section for the process $\mathrm{Tl}(6^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Tl}(6^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}})$ by helium collisions is $\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{\simeq}1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}21}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. The Tl branching ratio in the presence of helium is 39%. It was also found that the thallium-thallium resonance-broadening cross section is ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{T}\mathrm{l}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{l}}=\frac{4.04(0.32)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}}{\overline{v}}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ in the presence of 426 torr of helium. In the presence of 113 torr of He, the resonance-broadening cross section was found to be ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{T}\mathrm{l}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{l}}=\frac{5.22(0.13)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}}{\overline{v}}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. In the case of Ar as the buffer gas, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{T}\mathrm{l}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{r}}=\frac{8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}}{\overline{v}}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$.

Physical Review A•Jul 1, 1972•28 citations

Hanle Effect In The Singlet-2p State Of Helium.

Edward S. Fry

The oscillator strength for the resonance (11S-21P) transition in atomic helium has been determined from a measurement of the lifetime of the 2^ state.This life time was obtained using a modified zero field level crossing (Hanle) method.The scattering sample was a thermal velocity beam of 2^8 metastable atoms.Resonant 2 micron (218-2^2) radiation is absorbed by the 21S atoms, which are excited to the 2^P state.This state then primarily decays to the ground 1^8 state with the emission of resonance ($84A) radiation.The lifetime of the 21P state was determined from measurements of the magnetic field dependence of the 584Â intensity.This new technique eliminates the problem of constructing a vacuum ultra violet resonance lamp.The measured lifetime t(2 P) is (5.69 ±0.23) x Id"10 sec.The resulting absorption oscillator strength for the resonance transition is 0.270 ±0.011.This oscillator strength agrees with tie theoretical value.

•Jan 1, 1969•0 citations
The theory of the cascade level-crossing effect as formulated by Happer is evaluated for zero-nuclear-spin atomic systems and extended to include the case of a polarized initial state. We have used this theory to interpret our cascade-Hanle-effect results (zero-field level crossings) to obtain the lifetime of the two resonance levels, 1s2(1P1)1{s}_{2}(^{1}P_{1})1s2​(1P1​) and 1s4(3P1)1{s}_{4}(^{3}P_{1})1s4​(3P1​), of the 2p53s2{p}^{5}3s2p53s configuration of neon. The resonance lines 744 \AA{} (1s4\ensuremath−1S01{s}_{4}\ensuremath{-}^{1}S_{0}1s4​\ensuremath−1S0​) and 736 \AA{} (1s2\ensuremath−1S01{s}_{2}\ensuremath{-}^{1}S_{0}1s2​\ensuremath−1S0​) are produced in the cascade to the ground 1S0^{1}S_{0}1S0​ state when a beam of metastable 1s3(3P0)1{s}_{3}(^{3}P_{0})1s3​(3P0​) and 1s5(3P2)1{s}_{5}(^{3}P_{2})1s5​(3P2​) neon atoms is excited by selected lines of the 2p53s\ensuremath−2p53p2{p}^{5}3s\ensuremath{-}2{p}^{5}3p2p53s\ensuremath−2p53p transition array. Our results are \ensuremathτ(1s2)=1.65\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.16\ensuremath{\tau}(1{s}_{2})=1.65\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.16\ensuremathτ(1s2​)=1.65\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.16 nsec and \ensuremathτ(1s4)=20.5\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi1.5\ensuremath{\tau}(1{s}_{4})=20.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5\ensuremathτ(1s4​)=20.5\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi1.5 nsec.
The radiative lifetime of the 21P12^{1}P_{1}21P1​ and 31P13^{1}P_{1}31P1​ state of atomic helium has been measured by the level-crossing technique. In the experiment, a beam of 21S02^{1}S_{0}21S0​ metastable atoms was first produced and then excited to the 21P12^{1}P_{1}21P1​ or 31P13^{1}P_{1}31P1​ state with resonance radiation. The lifetimes were measured by observing the zero-field level-crossing signals in the detected 584- or 537-\AA{} fluorescent radiation when these 1P1^{1}P_{1}1P1​ states decayed to the 11S01^{1}S_{0}11S0​ ground state. The results are $\ensuremath{\tau} (2^{1}P_{1})=(5.57\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ sec and $\ensuremath{\tau} (3^{1}P_{1})=(1.73\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.11)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ sec. These values are in excellent agreement with theory.
The oscillator strength for the resonance ($1^{1}S\ensuremath{-}2^{1}P$) transition in atomic helium has been determined from a measurement of the lifetime of the 21P2^{1}P21P state. This lifetime was obtained using a modified zero-field level crossing (Hanle) method. The scattering sample was a thermal velocity beam of 21S2^{1}S21S metastable atoms. Resonant 2-\ensuremath{\mu} ($2^{1}S\ensuremath{-}2^{1}P$) radiation is absorbed by the 21S2^{1}S21S atoms, which are excited to the 21P2^{1}P21P state. This state then primarily decays to the ground 11S1^{1}S11S state with the emission of resonance (584 \AA{}) radiation. The lifetime of the 21P2^{1}P21P state was determined from measurements of the magnetic-field dependence of the angular distribution of the 584 \AA{} intensity. This new technique eliminates the problem of constructing a vacuum ultraviolet resonance lamp. The measured lifetime $\ensuremath{\tau} (2^{1}P)$ is (5.63 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.22) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ sec. The resulting absorption oscillator strength for the resonance transition is 0.273 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.011. This oscillator strength agrees with the theoretical value.
A signal due to the crossing of levels in zero magnetic field was observed in the λ=361 nm (53D3–53P2 transition) spontaneous radiation from the lower laser level of a Cd I pulse laser. The level-crossing signal had a profile close to the difference between two Lorentzian profiles, one of which was due to the decay of the upper laser level and the other to the decay of the lower laser level. The lifetimes of these levels and the cross sections of the depolarizing collisions with neon were determined.
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The lifetime, coherence narrowing, and collision broadening of the 72S127^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}72S21​​ excited state of atomic thallium has been studied by the technique of zero-field level-crossing spectroscopy. The lifetime of the 72S127^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}72S21​​ state is determined to be 7.55 (0.08) nsec. The full coherence-narrowing effect gave a branching ratio, from F=0F=0F=0 of 72S127^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}72S21​​ to the ground state, of 43%. The cross section for thallium-thallium resonance-broadening collisions is ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{T}\mathrm{l}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{l}}=\frac{5.38(0.49)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}}{\overline{v}}$ cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2. The effect of 426-torr helium on the thallium lifetime, coherence narrowing, and resonance broadening was also investigated. From the low-thallium-density region the cross section for helium depolarization of the thallium 72S7^{2}S72S state is ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{T}\mathrm{l}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{e}}\ensuremath{\cong}\frac{7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}}{\overline{v}}$ cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2. There is also indication of a buildup of population in the metastable 62P326^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}62P23​​ thallium state. From the data, the cross section for the process $\mathrm{Tl}(6^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Tl}(6^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}})$ by helium collisions is $\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{\simeq}1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}21}$ cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2. The Tl branching ratio in the presence of helium is 39%. It was also found that the thallium-thallium resonance-broadening cross section is ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{T}\mathrm{l}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{l}}=\frac{4.04(0.32)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}}{\overline{v}}$ cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2 in the presence of 426 torr of helium. In the presence of 113 torr of He, the resonance-broadening cross section was found to be ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{T}\mathrm{l}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{l}}=\frac{5.22(0.13)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}}{\overline{v}}$ cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2. In the case of Ar as the buffer gas, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{T}\mathrm{l}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{r}}=\frac{8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}}{\overline{v}}$ cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2.
The oscillator strength for the resonance (11S-21P) transition in atomic helium has been determined from a measurement of the lifetime of the 2^ state.This life time was obtained using a modified zero field level crossing (Hanle) method.The scattering sample was a thermal velocity beam of 2^8 metastable atoms.Resonant 2 micron (218-2^2) radiation is absorbed by the 21S atoms, which are excited to the 2^P state.This state then primarily decays to the ground 1^8 state with the emission of resonance ($84A) radiation.The lifetime of the 21P state was determined from measurements of the magnetic field dependence of the 584Â intensity.This new technique eliminates the problem of constructing a vacuum ultra violet resonance lamp.The measured lifetime t(2 P) is (5.69 ±0.23) x Id"10 sec.The resulting absorption oscillator strength for the resonance transition is 0.270 ±0.011.This oscillator strength agrees with tie theoretical value.