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Journal of the Optical Society of America A

Statistics of laser intensity amplified by a slightly saturated optical amplifier with a random gain medium (A)

Gary S. Rubin, Constance R. C. Morrison

Published Jan 1, 1987• 1 citation
OpenAlex

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Statistical moments of laser intensity passing through an amplifier with stochastic gain are evaluated. This situation happens when turbulent flows exist in the gain medium, which is assumed to be a two-level atomic system. Also, it is assumed that the turbulence structure is fully characterized by a stochastic process. This gain medium is assumed to be partially homogeneously broadened and slightly saturated. In the derivations, the paraxial approximation is combined with the perturbation method to solve for the random laser field inside the amplifier. For mathematical simplicity, a plane wave is propagated through the gain medium which contains only weak turbulence fluctuations. Dependences of the average laser intensity and contrast on turbulence fluctuation strength, characteristic length of the turbulence, and gain saturation and numerically demonstrated. It is found that the turbulence fluctuations make both average intensity and contrast stronger. Also, the gain saturation reduces both average intensity and contrast. In addition, it is shown that the contrast increases as the characteristic length of turbulence is increased.>

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Multivariate statistics of the intensity fluctuations of a heavily saturated amplified spontaneous emission and coupled-mode optical systems

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In an optical amplifier, when the gain is non-linear due to gain saturation, the intensity fluctuation statistics are significantly altered from the statistics of the negative-exponential intensity probability distribution function (IPDF) for spontaneous emission and unsaturated amplifiers. We have systematically computed bivariate moments, trivariate moments and central moments, tetravariate moments, as well as bivariate and trivariate cumulants of intensity fluctuations for non-linear coupled-mode optical systems starting from a k -variable multivariate IPDF of a system of n ( k < n ) coupled modes. The multivariate IPDF is a negative polynomial that rests on the assumption that the variation of intensity has a maximum-intensity distribution with the constraint that the total intensity is constant. The assumption holds for multimode optical systems including a thin, long, mirrorless, gas laser where under heavy gain saturation the output tends to become constant although the intensity of any mode displays rapid fluctuations about the average intensity. The multivariate IPDF reduces to the negative-exponential IPDF of spontaneous emission when n is infinite, as expected. The new results for the multivariate characteristics of the intensity fluctuations have shown characteristic signatures that depend on the number of interacting modes, n . The results are also useful for testing the multivariate IPDFs and identifying n for heavily saturated coupled-mode optical systems.

Journal of Optics A Pure and Applied Optics•Nov 22, 2001•1 citation
Statistical moments of laser intensity passing through an amplifier with stochastic gain are evaluated. This situation happens when turbulent flows exist in the gain medium, which is assumed to be a two-level atomic system. Also, it is assumed that the turbulence structure is fully characterized by a stochastic process. This gain medium is assumed to be partially homogeneously broadened and slightly saturated. In the derivations, the paraxial approximation is combined with the perturbation method to solve for the random laser field inside the amplifier. For mathematical simplicity, a plane wave is propagated through the gain medium which contains only weak turbulence fluctuations. Dependences of the average laser intensity and contrast on turbulence fluctuation strength, characteristic length of the turbulence, and gain saturation and numerically demonstrated. It is found that the turbulence fluctuations make both average intensity and contrast stronger. Also, the gain saturation reduces both average intensity and contrast. In addition, it is shown that the contrast increases as the characteristic length of turbulence is increased.>
We evaluate the average intensity and contrast of the output of a laser amplifier in which stochastic gain distributions exist. This situation occurs when turbulence flows are developed in a gas- or liquid-laser amplifier. The gain medium is assumed to be partially homogeneously broadened and slightly saturated and to consist of two-level atoms. In our computations, a plane wave is propagated through the gain medium with weak turbulences, under the assumption that the size of the first Fresnel zone is much smaller than the characteristic length of turbulences.
In an optical amplifier, when the gain is non-linear due to gain saturation, the intensity fluctuation statistics are significantly altered from the statistics of the negative-exponential intensity probability distribution function (IPDF) for spontaneous emission and unsaturated amplifiers. We have systematically computed bivariate moments, trivariate moments and central moments, tetravariate moments, as well as bivariate and trivariate cumulants of intensity fluctuations for non-linear coupled-mode optical systems starting from a k -variable multivariate IPDF of a system of n ( k < n ) coupled modes. The multivariate IPDF is a negative polynomial that rests on the assumption that the variation of intensity has a maximum-intensity distribution with the constraint that the total intensity is constant. The assumption holds for multimode optical systems including a thin, long, mirrorless, gas laser where under heavy gain saturation the output tends to become constant although the intensity of any mode displays rapid fluctuations about the average intensity. The multivariate IPDF reduces to the negative-exponential IPDF of spontaneous emission when n is infinite, as expected. The new results for the multivariate characteristics of the intensity fluctuations have shown characteristic signatures that depend on the number of interacting modes, n . The results are also useful for testing the multivariate IPDFs and identifying n for heavily saturated coupled-mode optical systems.