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Журнал Экспериментальной и Теоретической Физики

Investigation of the nonlinear dependence of the population of inhomogeneously broadened two-level systems on the intensity and width of the spectrum of the exciting radiation

V. A. Khodovoǐ, V. V. Khromov

Published May 1, 1975• 0 citations
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Investigation of the absorption spectrum of a two-level system in intense nonmonochromatic radiation fields

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Mean value and fluctuations of population of a two-level system excited by intense nonmonochromatic radiation

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Transient Four-Wave Mixing

Steven T. Cundiff

Until the advent of laser, optical spectroscopy was limited to absorption and emission. These linear techniques often provided incomplete information because of the presence of inhomogeneous broadening, which arises in gases from Doppler shifts and in solids from random crystal elds or structural disorder (Figure 10.1). Lasers provided the high intensity needed to implement nonlinear spectroscopic techniques, which can make measurements “below” the CONTENTS 10.1 Introduction 371 10.1.1 Physical Description of TFWM for a Two-Level System 373 10.1.2 Overview of Variants and Extensions of TFWM 375 10.1.3 Use of TFWM Spectroscopy in Solids, Semiconductors, and Complex Systems 376 10.2 Theory 377 10.2.1 TFWM Signal from an Inhomogeneously Broadened Ensemble of Two-Level Systems 378 10.2.2 Phenomenological Inclusion of Many-Body Effects 381 10.3 Experimental Details of TFWM 382 10.3.1 Basics of Excitation Pulse Generation, Alignment, and Signal Detection 382 10.3.2 Time-Integrated Two-Pulse TFWM 385 10.3.3 Time and Spectrally Resolved Two-Pulse TFWM 386 10.3.4 Three-Pulse TFWM 386 10.3.5 Co-Linear TFWM 387 10.4 Case Study: TFWM from Excitons in GaAs Quantum Wells 387 10.4.1 Dephasing 388 10.4.2 Many-Body Effects 389 10.4.3 Disorder 391 10.4.4 Quantum Beats 391 10.4.5 Polarization Dependence 392 10.5 Multidimensional Fourier Transform Spectroscopy 392 10.6 Summary 393 References 393 inhomogeneous line width and determine the underlying homogeneous line widths. Often the homogeneous width is more interesting because it reects dynamics such as scattering and/ or radiative decay.

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Effect of collisions on the resonance fluorescence spectrum

А. И. Пархоменко, Anatolii M. Shalagin

The effect of collisions on the resonance fluorescence spectrum of two-level atoms excited by monochromatic resonance radiation is studied. Analysis is performed for systems where the Doppler broadening is small compared to the collision frequency (high buffer gas pressures) and for the general case where collisions arbitrarily change the phase of the radiation-induced dipole moment (from completely interrupted to completely unaffected phase of the dipole moment). Both at a relatively low and at a high excitation radiation intensity, the resonance fluorescence spectrum is shown to depend on whether the two-level system is closed or open. This is especially true for the narrow unshifted Rayleigh scattering line. It is shown that, although the absorption line is homogeneously broadened, the resonance fluorescence spectrum exhibits a clearly pronounced anisotropy. In a direction close to the direction of propagation of the excitation radiation, the Rayleigh scattering line is maximally narrowed. Under certain conditions (that can easily be created in experiments), the width of this line is proportional to the diffusion coefficient of atoms interacting with the radiation.

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Investigation of the absorption spectrum of a two-level system subjected to intense two-photon excitation

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The Effect of Collisions on the Resonance Fluorescence Spectrum of Three-Level Atoms with a V-Configuration of Levels

А. И. Пархоменко, Anatolii M. Shalagin

The effect of collisions on the resonance fluorescence spectrum of three-level atoms with a V-configuration of levels when excited by two monochromatic resonance fields has been theoretically investigated. The analysis has been carried out for the systems with a small Doppler broadening compared to the collision frequency (high buffer gas pressures) and for the general case of an arbitrary change (from complete failure to complete preservation) of the phase memory at any of the three transitions in the V-system. It has been shown that in the three-level V-type atoms excited by two monochromatic fields, the resonant fluorescence spectrum (the number of spectral lines and their widths) at one of the transitions strongly depends on the presence of resonant radiation at the adjacent transition. Under certain conditions, the line widths will be completely determined by the relaxation characteristics of the adjacent transition and, in particular, can be repeatedly narrowed with an increase in the radiation intensity at the adjacent transition. It has been shown that despite the homogeneous nature of the broadening of the absorption lines, the resonance fluorescence spectrum has a pronounced anisotropy with respect to the mutual orientation of the wave vectors of spontaneous and exciting radiation. It has been established that the line widths in the resonance fluorescence spectrum are proportional to the diffusion coefficient of the atoms interacting with radiation under certain conditions. This fact can serve as the basis for a spectroscopic method for measuring the transport frequencies of the collisions of the radiation-absorbing particles with the buffer ones. It has been shown that the effects of phase memory in the collisions lead to a strong qualitative and quantitative modification of the resonance fluorescence spectrum.

Optics and Spectroscopy•Dec 1, 2021•1 citation
Until the advent of laser, optical spectroscopy was limited to absorption and emission. These linear techniques often provided incomplete information because of the presence of inhomogeneous broadening, which arises in gases from Doppler shifts and in solids from random crystal elds or structural disorder (Figure 10.1). Lasers provided the high intensity needed to implement nonlinear spectroscopic techniques, which can make measurements “below” the CONTENTS 10.1 Introduction 371 10.1.1 Physical Description of TFWM for a Two-Level System 373 10.1.2 Overview of Variants and Extensions of TFWM 375 10.1.3 Use of TFWM Spectroscopy in Solids, Semiconductors, and Complex Systems 376 10.2 Theory 377 10.2.1 TFWM Signal from an Inhomogeneously Broadened Ensemble of Two-Level Systems 378 10.2.2 Phenomenological Inclusion of Many-Body Effects 381 10.3 Experimental Details of TFWM 382 10.3.1 Basics of Excitation Pulse Generation, Alignment, and Signal Detection 382 10.3.2 Time-Integrated Two-Pulse TFWM 385 10.3.3 Time and Spectrally Resolved Two-Pulse TFWM 386 10.3.4 Three-Pulse TFWM 386 10.3.5 Co-Linear TFWM 387 10.4 Case Study: TFWM from Excitons in GaAs Quantum Wells 387 10.4.1 Dephasing 388 10.4.2 Many-Body Effects 389 10.4.3 Disorder 391 10.4.4 Quantum Beats 391 10.4.5 Polarization Dependence 392 10.5 Multidimensional Fourier Transform Spectroscopy 392 10.6 Summary 393 References 393 inhomogeneous line width and determine the underlying homogeneous line widths. Often the homogeneous width is more interesting because it reects dynamics such as scattering and/ or radiative decay.
The effect of collisions on the resonance fluorescence spectrum of two-level atoms excited by monochromatic resonance radiation is studied. Analysis is performed for systems where the Doppler broadening is small compared to the collision frequency (high buffer gas pressures) and for the general case where collisions arbitrarily change the phase of the radiation-induced dipole moment (from completely interrupted to completely unaffected phase of the dipole moment). Both at a relatively low and at a high excitation radiation intensity, the resonance fluorescence spectrum is shown to depend on whether the two-level system is closed or open. This is especially true for the narrow unshifted Rayleigh scattering line. It is shown that, although the absorption line is homogeneously broadened, the resonance fluorescence spectrum exhibits a clearly pronounced anisotropy. In a direction close to the direction of propagation of the excitation radiation, the Rayleigh scattering line is maximally narrowed. Under certain conditions (that can easily be created in experiments), the width of this line is proportional to the diffusion coefficient of atoms interacting with the radiation.
The effect of collisions on the resonance fluorescence spectrum of three-level atoms with a V-configuration of levels when excited by two monochromatic resonance fields has been theoretically investigated. The analysis has been carried out for the systems with a small Doppler broadening compared to the collision frequency (high buffer gas pressures) and for the general case of an arbitrary change (from complete failure to complete preservation) of the phase memory at any of the three transitions in the V-system. It has been shown that in the three-level V-type atoms excited by two monochromatic fields, the resonant fluorescence spectrum (the number of spectral lines and their widths) at one of the transitions strongly depends on the presence of resonant radiation at the adjacent transition. Under certain conditions, the line widths will be completely determined by the relaxation characteristics of the adjacent transition and, in particular, can be repeatedly narrowed with an increase in the radiation intensity at the adjacent transition. It has been shown that despite the homogeneous nature of the broadening of the absorption lines, the resonance fluorescence spectrum has a pronounced anisotropy with respect to the mutual orientation of the wave vectors of spontaneous and exciting radiation. It has been established that the line widths in the resonance fluorescence spectrum are proportional to the diffusion coefficient of the atoms interacting with radiation under certain conditions. This fact can serve as the basis for a spectroscopic method for measuring the transport frequencies of the collisions of the radiation-absorbing particles with the buffer ones. It has been shown that the effects of phase memory in the collisions lead to a strong qualitative and quantitative modification of the resonance fluorescence spectrum.