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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

A Flexible Control System for Quantum Dot Qubits

Nizar Messaoudi, Azfar Badaroudine, Larissa Njejimana, Gidget Heintz, Marc-Antoine Genest, Michel Pioro-Ladrière

Published Mar 8, 2019• 0 citations
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Future quantum processors intend to operate on millions of qubits and Silicon Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) Quantum Dot qubits are a good fit for such a large-scale system due to their compactness in size and large coherence time. To control the operations of the qubits in such a large-scale system, efficient and careful design of the control circuits is very challenging. Here, in this thesis a control circuit is designed for silicon MOS quantum dot qubits operating on a node/ network architecture. Rather than using a 2D array of quantum dots, a node/ network architecture provides enough space for the wiring of integrated control circuits. The control circuit designed here is expected to work on millikelvin (mK) temperature and number of control lines from the mK temperature to 1-4 K temperature, where the digital control systems are operated, is reduced significantly compared to the number of qubits. The reduction in number of control lines from mK temperature is one of the basic requirements while scaling up. All these control circuits operate on the quantum dots based on the assumption that, all the dots are at same potential throughout the network. In practice due to fabrication variations and connection differences the potential of quantum dots varies from qubit to qubit. To solve this problem and pre-tune all the quantum dots to same potential prior to the operation of control circuit, a device level error correcting scheme is introduced and verified by simulation in this thesis.
This paper proposes a control system capable of supporting various qubit platforms by combining control units with different specifications with a lightweight and common interface. To realize quantum computers, several qubit platforms, such as superconducting qubits, neutral atoms, ion traps, and semi-conductor quantum dots, are being researched. Each platform requires different microwave frequencies, channel numbers, intensities, and time scales for control. However, building individual control systems for each platform is not practical from a development cost perspective. Therefore, the standardization of control systems is desired. In practice, common languages and libraries for pulse control software are being developed as both commercial products and open-source projects. However, no widely adopted standardization methods currently exist for the control layer of electrical signals responsible for qubit manipulation. This paper first organizes the challenges in standardizing the control layer of electrical signals. It then proposes an architecture to address these challenges, featuring Ethernet-based unit inter-connections, a synchronization system based on time and pulses, and a lightweight and flexible waveform generation method. The proposed approach allows for practical cost adaptation to various types of qubits by connecting electronic circuits with specifications required for the target qubit platform.