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One-photon and two-photon quantum holography with bi-photon states of large spatial dimensionality

F. Devaux, Gnatiessoro Soro, A. Mosset, Florent Bassignot, Éric Lantz

Published Dec 9, 2019• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We report results of quantum holography (QH) where spatial informations stored in phase holograms are retrieved by measuring spatial coincidences between two images formed by spatially entangled twin photons of high-dimensionality. For the two setup configurations reported here, spatial informations are retrieved when holograms are read either with both photons or with one photon of the bi-photon states.

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We report results of quantum holography (QH) where spatial informations stored in phase holograms are retrieved by measuring spatial coincidences between two images formed by spatially entangled twin photons of high-dimensionality. For the two setup configurations reported here, spatial informations are retrieved when holograms are read either with both photons or with one photon of the bi-photon states.
We report the results of two-photon quantum holography where spatial information stored in phase holograms is retrieved by measuring quantum spatial correlations between two images formed by spatially entangled twin photons with a Schmidt number of 450 in the two-dimensional transverse space. In our experiments, the entire flux of spontaneous down-converted photons illuminates the phase holograms and the photons of signal-idler pairs transmitted by the holograms are detected separately in the far field on two electron-multiplying charge coupled device cameras.
The retrieval of the phase with single-photon states is a fundamentally and technically challenging endeavor. Here we report an experimental realization of hologram recordings with heralded single-photon illumination and continuous observation of photon statistics. Thereby, we demonstrate the basic principle of holography with single-photon states which cannot be described with the classical wave theory. Under conditions with illumination more than 200 times weaker than the noise of the detector, a hologram (interferogram) recorded with a heralded single-photon source revealed an object not visible with nonheralded illumination and slightly higher intensity. The dramatic improvement in retrieval of amplitude and phase information achieved with the heralded single-photon source can be explained by the strong suppression of noise due to the nonclassical temporal correlation between twin photons and the small coincidence time window. The method could be useful for recording and retrieving amplitude and phase information in the presence of strong noise, for covert imaging, and for imaging of photosensitive biological and material samples.
Quantum imaging usually refers to imaging that takes advantage of quantum entanglement to obtain results beyond the classically achievable limits [1]. Various complex experimental setups are used to obtain quantum images, and even more complex experimental setups are used when the goal is to record and retrieve the phase information of the object. Classical holography offers the possibility to record and retrieve phase information from a hologram [2]. However, in low-light conditions, a major challenge is to record images with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Classical schemes [3]–[5], of course, do not aim to demonstrate the quantum properties of the experiments, and quantum schemes [6]–[8] rely on complex preparation of the light beam and do not necessarily provide an advantage for holographic imaging. To date, no simple quantum scheme with quantum advantage has been developed for low-light holographic imaging.
High-dimensional biphoton states are promising resources for quantum applications, ranging from high-dimensional quantum communications to quantum imaging. A pivotal task is fully characterising these states, which is generally time-consuming and not scalable when projective measurement approaches are adopted. However, new advances in coincidence imaging technologies allow for overcoming these limitations by parallelising multiple measurements. Here, we introduce biphoton digital holography, in analogy to off-axis digital holography, where coincidence imaging of the superposition of an unknown state with a reference one is used to perform quantum state tomography. We apply this approach to single photons emitted by spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a nonlinear crystal when the pump photons possess various quantum states. The proposed reconstruction technique allows for a more efficient (3 order-of-magnitude faster) and reliable (an average fidelity of 87%) characterisation of states in arbitrary spatial modes bases, compared with previously performed experiments. Multi-photon digital holography may pave the route toward efficient and accurate computational ghost imaging and high-dimensional quantum information processing.
Abstract High-dimensional biphoton states are promising resources for quantum applications, ranging from high-dimensional quantum communications to quantum imaging. A pivotal task is fully characterizing these states, which is generally time-consuming and not scalable when projective measurement approaches are adopted; however, new advances in coincidence imaging technologies allow for overcoming these limitations by parallelizing multiple measurements. Here we introduce biphoton digital holography, in analogy to off-axis digital holography, where coincidence imaging of the superposition of an unknown state with a reference state is used to perform quantum state tomography. We apply this approach to single photons emitted by spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a nonlinear crystal when the pump photons possess various quantum states. The proposed reconstruction technique allows for a more efficient (three orders of magnitude faster) and reliable (an average fidelity of 87%) characterization of states in arbitrary spatial modes bases, compared with previously performed experiments. Multiphoton digital holography may pave the route toward efficient and accurate computational ghost imaging and high-dimensional quantum information processing.