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Optics Express

Hyperfine-state dependence of highly efficient amplification from diode-pumped cesium vapor

Jongmin Hwang, Taek Jeong, Han Seb Moon

Published Nov 26, 2019• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

(F = 4) to obtain an efficient diode-pumped alkali amplifier (DPAA). To realize highly efficient optical gain conditions, both the spatial modes of the pump and signal lasers are made to overlap in the Cs vapor cell with the use of a single-mode optical fiber. An amplification factor of 430 ± 15 is achieved under the following conditions: cell temperature of 90 °C, signal power of 0.1 mW, and pump power of 200 mW. We believe that our results can aid in the development of highly efficient diode-pumped alkali-vapor lasers and amplifiers.

DOI
10.1364/oe.27.036231

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(F = 4) to obtain an efficient diode-pumped alkali amplifier (DPAA). To realize highly efficient optical gain conditions, both the spatial modes of the pump and signal lasers are made to overlap in the Cs vapor cell with the use of a single-mode optical fiber. An amplification factor of 430 ± 15 is achieved under the following conditions: cell temperature of 90 °C, signal power of 0.1 mW, and pump power of 200 mW. We believe that our results can aid in the development of highly efficient diode-pumped alkali-vapor lasers and amplifiers.
We report high-efficiency optical amplification with near-extreme-limit gain from a diode-pumped Cs vapor cell. We used wavelength-division multiplexing to couple 852 nm pump and 895 nm seed lasers to achieve nearly overlapping spatial modes in the Cs vapor cell. We investigated the amplification factor as a function of the focal length of the lens focusing on the combined pump and seed signals and determined the optimal focal length under our experimental conditions. The small-signal amplification factor from the Cs vapor cell reached >30 dB at 240 mW pump power, and the optimal optical amplification factor per pump power was 4171/W.
We report the characteristics of GHz bandwidth amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from a hot Cs atom vapor cell, where the optical feedback was inhibited. When pumped by an 852 nm laser, both forward and backward ASE output near 894 nm showed a nonlinear increase in its power without a pump power threshold. A continual decrease in spectral width down to 4.7 GHz was experimentally observed as the ASE output power increased. Using the same vapor cell, we injected a 1mW signal to configure a single-pass optical amplifier, and we monitored the forward output both in temporal and spectral domains. We found the signal laser efficiently suppressed the ASE and obtained a large amplification factor over 700 at the pump power of 1.2 W.
Diode-pumped alkali lasers, possessing high efficiency and narrow linewidth, can provide feasible solutions for wavelength ranges difficult to reach by commercial lasers. In this study, we investigate a generation of coherent blue light (CBL) via four-wave mixing (FWM)-based up-conversion processes in cesium (Cs) vapor. A bichromatic pumping scheme with 852- and 917-nm lasers drives the Cs atoms to the 6 D 5/2 excited level, followed by cascaded decay of 6 D 5/2 → 7 P 3/2 → 6 S 1/2 , producing 456-nm CBL under phase matching conditions. The fluorescence in multiple bands from blue to near- and far-infrared in the FWM process is demonstrated under different experimental conditions. To optimize the experimental parameters, we investigate the dependence of 456-nm CBL on the vapor temperature, frequency, and intensity of the two pump lasers. A maximum power of 2.94 mW is achieved with pump powers of 430 mW (for 852 nm) and 470 mW (for 917 nm). The corresponding conversion efficiency is 1.5%/W, three-fold higher than those in previous studies. Our results can contribute to fundamental research on atom—photon interactions and quantum metrology.
Comprehensive analysis of kinetic and fluid dynamic processes in flowing-gas diode-pumped alkali vapor amplifiers is reported. Taking into account effects of the temperature, the amplified spontaneous emission, the saturation power, the excitation of the alkali atoms to high electronic levels and the ionization, a detailed physical model is established to simulate the output performance of flowing-gas diode-pumped alkali vapor amplifiers. Influences of the flow velocity and the pump power on the amplified power are calculated and analyzed. Comparisons between single and double amplifier, longitudinal and transverse flow are made. Results show that end-pumped cascaded amplifier can provide higher output power under the same total pump power and the cell length, while output powers achieved by single- and double-end pumped, double-side pumped amplifiers with longitudinal or transverse flow have a complicated but valuable relation. Thus the model is extremely helpful for designing high-power flowing-gas diode-pumped alkali vapor amplifiers.
ABSTRACT We demonstrate a high‐efficiency diode‐pumped alkali vapor amplifier with high performance. The output power reaches 30 W with 25 dB magnification, a spectral linewidth of 3.7 MHz, and a coherence length of 80 m. An factor of 1.6 is achieved, and higher beam quality can be further improved by flow field. This advanced laser source exhibits significant potential for a wide range of applications, including precision laser spectroscopy, lidar systems, quantum optics research, and related fields.
We report observing Raman-shifted oscillation within a ring cavity containing cesium vapor and pumped with the output of a single-frequency diode laser tuned near the D2 line. The oscillation is shifted from the diode-laser pump frequency by ≃9 GHz, the hyperfine splitting of the 6S1/2 ground state of cesium. Many different transverse modes of oscillation are observed for slight variations in the cavity alignment. In addition, the oscillation is observed to turn on and off at 60 Hz as a result of the pump-frequency fluctuations associated with the line noise on the diode-laser drive current. The pump-frequency fluctuations (≃10 MHz) are small compared with the free spectral range (175 MHz) of the ring cavity. These characteristics indicate that the Raman oscillation in cesium vapor is narrow-band, similar to the behavior observed in sodium vapor.1–3 As little as 30 mW of pump power is required for oscillation when highly reflective cavity optics are used. We have obtained 0.5 mW of Raman-shifted output with an appropriate output coupler at 65 mW of pump power.