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Scientific Reports

Secure dynamic multiparty quantum private comparison

Hussein Abulkasim, Ahmed Farouk, Safwat H. Hamad, Atefeh Mashatan, Shohini Ghose

Published Nov 28, 2019• 46 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a feasible and efficient dynamic multiparty quantum private comparison protocol that is fully secure against participant attacks. In the proposed scheme, two almost-dishonest third parties generate two random keys and send them to all participants. Every participant independently encrypts their private information with the encryption keys and sends it to the third parties. The third parties can analyze the equality of all or some participants' secrets without gaining access to the secret information. New participants can dynamically join the protocol without the need for any additional conditions in the protocol. We provide detailed correctness and security analysis of the proposed protocol. Our security analysis of the proposed protocol against both inside and outside attacks proves that attackers cannot extract any secret information.

DOI
10.1038/s41598-019-53967-9

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We propose a feasible and efficient dynamic multiparty quantum private comparison protocol that is fully secure against participant attacks. In the proposed scheme, two almost-dishonest third parties generate two random keys and send them to all participants. Every participant independently encrypts their private information with the encryption keys and sends it to the third parties. The third parties can analyze the equality of all or some participants' secrets without gaining access to the secret information. New participants can dynamically join the protocol without the need for any additional conditions in the protocol. We provide detailed correctness and security analysis of the proposed protocol. Our security analysis of the proposed protocol against both inside and outside attacks proves that attackers cannot extract any secret information.
A feasible multi-party quantum private comparison (MQPC) protocol based on d -dimensional Bell states was proposed. In the protocol, all participants can independently encrypt their privacies and send them to a semi-honest quantum third party (TP) through authenticated channels. Then, the TP can determine the size relationship among all participants’ privacies without gaining access to the private information. We verified correctness and effectiveness of the proposed protocol with some examples. In addition, compared with other similar protocols, it is not necessary to perform unitary operation on particles and only single-particle measurement is required. Furthermore, the relatively high qubit efficiency is promised. The security analysis verifies that the proposed protocol can counteract external and internal attacks in theory.
For two participants to compare the equality of their private information without revealing them, a new quantum private protocol with the help of semi-honest third party TP is proposed. Different from previous protocols, the four particle |Wf⟩ state and the |χ+⟩ state are utilized in this protocol as the carriers of quantum information and form the entanglement swapping as basic principle. The simple measurement of quantum states and exclusive-or operation are only required to conduct in this protocol. What’s more, this protocol can compare two bits of two participants’ private information in every comparison time. Meanwhile, it needs no unitary operation to fulfill this protocol. This protocol is feasible and efficient to execute through these aspects. In the end, the security of this protocol is analyzed at great length from two kinds of attacks including the outside attack and the participant attack. And the analysis result shows that this protocol can withstand various kinds of attacks and be secure to perform efficiently.
Abstract In this paper, we propose two multi-party quantum private comparison protocols based on the properties of the d-dimensional GHZ state. Protocol 1 is designed to compare the equality of multiple participants’ secrets with the help of a semi-honest third party TP. The semi-honest TP will follow the protocol honestly, but he may attempt to learn additional information from the protocol execution. In this protocol, multiple participants encode their secret information into the corresponding particles in turn through unitary operations, thereby achieving the comparison of the equality of their multiple secrets in a single execution. This protocol has a wide range of applications. For example, by combining the basic model framework of this protocol with the Chinese Remainder Theorem, we propose Protocol 2. In this protocol, multiple participants compare the size relationships of their multiple secrets with the help of a semi-honest third party TP. Therefore, based on the same basic model framework, the two protocols proposed in this paper can be applied respectively to the comparison of the equality and the size relationships of multiple participants’ secrets. Importantly, the two protocols do not require pre-shared keys. Security analysis shows that the proposed protocols can resist various attacks, including entangle-measure attack, intercept-resend attack, third party attacks, and participant attacks.
Abstract An efficient multiparty semi‐quantum private comparison protocol based on Bell states is proposed. The proposed protocol enables the comparison of private information equality among multiple classical participants with the assistance of two semi‐honest third parties. Unlike previous protocols, the proposed protocol can be further extended to resist the collective‐dephasing noise and the collective‐rotation noise, respectively. The proposed protocol and its extensions do not require the classical participants to generate and send new quantum states to the third party, and these participants can compare two privacies within one round of comparison. In addition, the protocol performs better with a qubit efficiency up to 25%. The security analysis indicates that the protocol is resilient to various known quantum attacks. Furthermore, the feasibility of this protocol is confirmed by simulation results on the IBM quantum platform.
In this paper,a quantum private comparison protocol based on d dimensional single-particle states is proposed. In the protocol,a semi-honest third party transfers a sequence of n particles to one participant w ho encodes n secret keys by performing n local unitary operations. Then these particles are sent to the other participant w ho also by the same w ay encodes n secret keys and returns these particles back to the semi-honest party. Finally after the participants broadcast the results of encrypting their secrets w ith secret keys,the semi-honest third party can help the tw o participants compare the size relationships of their n pair corresponding secrets w ithout disclosing them to any other people. In addition,the security of the protocol is also discussed in detail. It is show n that the protocol is secure in theory. Moreover,since only single-particle states are used,as compared w ith other quantum private comparison protocols,the presented protocol is more feasible under the current technical conditions.