Broadband low-coherence light has been applied in many fields such as optical imaging, atmospheric optical communication and laser inertial confinement fusion(ICF). It’s meaningful to investigate the temporal shaping technology of broadband low-coherence light. We propose and experimentally demonstrate a scheme of achieving all-optical arbitrary temporal shaping of broadband low-coherence light based on saturable absorption effect. Compared to traditional temporal shaping schemes such as electro-optic modulation(EOM) shaping or acousto-optic modulation(AOM) shaping, the modulation on the shaped pulse profile is much smaller, reduced from 14% (by acousto-optic modulator) to 3%(close to the ASE noise). Furthermore, we explore the evolution of shaped pulse contrast (intensity ratio between front edge and end edge) with the pump energy and contrast changing. The contrast of shaped pulse can be adjusted from 1:1.32 to 1:1.02 when pump contrast is 1:2, and from 1:2.25 to 1:1.90 when pump contrast is 1:3. And the maximum contrast of shaped pulse can reach 1:17 within the measurement accuracy. By changing the energy and contrast of pump, the contrast of the shaped pulse can be controlled flexibly. It’s useful to achieve all-optical arbitrary temporal shaping and pre-compensation during pulse amplification.
Broadband low-coherence light has been applied in many fields such as optical imaging, atmospheric optical communication and laser inertial confinement fusion(ICF). It’s meaningful to investigate the temporal shaping technology of broadband low-coherence light. We propose and experimentally demonstrate a scheme of achieving all-optical arbitrary temporal shaping of broadband low-coherence light based on saturable absorption effect. Compared to traditional temporal shaping schemes such as electro-optic modulation(EOM) shaping or acousto-optic modulation(AOM) shaping, the modulation on the shaped pulse profile is much smaller, reduced from 14% (by acousto-optic modulator) to 3%(close to the ASE noise). Furthermore, we explore the evolution of shaped pulse contrast (intensity ratio between front edge and end edge) with the pump energy and contrast changing. The contrast of shaped pulse can be adjusted from 1:1.32 to 1:1.02 when pump contrast is 1:2, and from 1:2.25 to 1:1.90 when pump contrast is 1:3. And the maximum contrast of shaped pulse can reach 1:17 within the measurement accuracy. By changing the energy and contrast of pump, the contrast of the shaped pulse can be controlled flexibly. It’s useful to achieve all-optical arbitrary temporal shaping and pre-compensation during pulse amplification.
Creating and controlling well-defined single-photon states is important for many quantum enhanced technologies. Information can be encoded in any degree of freedom associated with a single-photon field excitation, for example in the polarization or transverse spatial mode structure. The ability to encode multiple qubits in these states is desirable for high data transmission rates and increased information processing capacity. The spectral-temporal domain offers a large Hilbert space for encoding information, well suited to integrated optical architectures owing to the low cross-talk between channels. Indeed, time-frequency encoding is an integral component of existing information technologies infrastructure. Thus, complete, coherent control of the spectral-temporal mode structure of light is essential to advancing optical quantum technologies. Arbitrary control of single-photon states has been demonstrated in the polarization and spatial-momentum degrees of freedom however, is yet to be established in the spectral-temporal domain. Recently it was shown that spectral-temporal pulse shaping is experimentally feasible using nonlinear optical methods. However, such techniques can introduce noise photons, are challenging to implement deterministically and require specially prepared auxiliary pump pulses. Furthermore, they are typically only possible at relatively low repetition rates to avoid damage of nonlinear optical materials. Here, we demonstrate deterministic pulse shaping of single-photon wave packets by introducing a time-varying phase. Applying linear or quadratic phase to the wave packet introduces a spectral shift or spectral broadening, respectively. Achieving significant spectral manipulation requires temporal-phase modulation on the order of π. The phase must also vary on the same time scale as the optical pulses, approximately 1 ps in duration here. This relatively rapid phase variation is achieved using a fast electro-optic phase modulator. The modulator is driven by a time-varying voltage that is synchronized with a pulse train of single-photon wave packets for accurate temporal phase control. In this thesis, we experimentally demonstrate control of the spectral-temporal state of single-photon wave packets using this method. Heralded single-photon wave packets are generated by spontaneous parametric down conversion pumped by a frequency-doubled Titanium-Sapphire laser oscillator with 80 MHz repetition rate. To achieve significant modulation of single-photon pulses a 10 V peak-to-peak radio-frequency signal of 40 GHz drives the phase modulator, which requires approximately 3.6 V to achieve a π phase shift. The signal is synchronized with the oscillator pulse train using custom designed electronics. Details of these electronics are presented, resulting in a robust phase and amplitude controllable 40 GHz voltage source, phase locked to the single-photon pulse train. To demonstrate the utility of this pulse-shaping method we experimentally show spectral shearing of almost 1 nm for single-photon wave packets with 830 nm central wavelength and 1 nm bandwidth. Measurement of the second-order intensity correlation before and after the wave-packet manipulation remains constant within uncertainty of the measurement, showing that the quantum nature of the single-photon source is not deteriorated by the modulator. Preservation of the wave-packet coherence is verified by two-photon interference between spectrally sheared and non-modulated single-photons.
We experimentally demonstrate two-photon absorption with broadband down-converted light (squeezed vacuum). Although incoherent and exhibiting the statistics of a thermal noise, broadband down-converted light can induce two-photon absorption with the same sharp temporal behavior as femtosecond pulses, while exhibiting the high spectral resolution of the narrow band pump laser. Using pulse-shaping methods, we coherently control two-photon absorption in rubidium, demonstrating spectral and temporal resolutions that are 3-5 orders of magnitude below the actual bandwidth and temporal duration of the light itself. Such properties can be exploited in various applications such as spread-spectrum optical communications, tomography, and nonlinear microscopy.
The experimental work in this thesis is divided into two distinct parts. In both parts, broadband femtosecond laser pulses are "shaped" by adjusting the relative phase and amplitude of spectral components. In the first set of experiments, time-dependent perturbation theory is used to show that the probability of a quantum transition in atomic rubidium can be substantially enhanced or suppressed using pulse shaping, compared to the probability of transition observed when a transform-limited or "flat phase" optical pulse is used. These enhancement or suppression effects are also demonstrated experimentally. As quantum interference (the material phase having been transferred from the optical phase) is used to enhance or diminish a particular final quantum state, this can be classified as a quantum coherent control experiment. In the second set of experiments, an optical pulse is scattered into a train of pulses by a layered structure. The layered structure is used to simulate the effect of optical pulses travelling through certain types of complex media. One consequence of the disruption of a single pulse into a train of pulses is lower per-pulse peak intensity, and thus a greatly diminished nonlinear signal. It is shown that spectral pulse shaping (in phase only) is sufficient to pre-compensate for the scattering structure, allowing a single transform-limited pulse to be obtained at the output.
In several types of quantum computers light is one of the main tools to control both the position and the quantum state of the atoms used for computing. In practical systems laser light is applied to manipulate quantum states of qubits in the desired way. Beside physical effects like decoherence and quantum noise the precision of qubit manipulation has a significant impact on the achievable quantum computing error rate. One of the key optical components beside the laser is the optical modulator, which modulates or switches a constant power laser light in order to provide light pulses or pulse sequences with a desired envelope. Acousto-optic (AOM) and electro-optic (EOM) modulators can be applied, which are both voltage controlled. However, there is neither a simple linear relationship between their control signal and the precise modulator output, nor can they be considered to have time-invariant characteristics. The aim of this paper is to describe techniques to generate AOM and EOM control signals in such a way that almost arbitrary target output waveforms (i. e. optical power versus time) are achieved with high accuracy.
A key requirement for quantum technologies based on atoms, ions, and molecules is the ability to realize precise phase- and amplitude-controlled quantum operations via coherent laser pulses. However, for generating pulses on the submicrosecond timescale, the characteristics of the optical and electronic components can introduce unwanted distortions that have a detrimental effect on the fidelity of quantum operations. In this paper, we present a compact arbitrary optical waveform modulator that integrates a double-pass acousto-optic modulator for user-specified laser amplitude and phase modulations. Additionally, the module integrates an optical heterodyne detector to extract the precise laser pulse shape in real time. The measured pulse shape is then fed into a digital feedback loop used to estimate the complex-valued transfer function and predistorted input pulses. We demonstrate the performance by generating shaped laser pulses suitable for realizing quantum logic gates with durations down to 180 ns, requiring only a small number of feedback iterations.
Abstract Time-invariant photonic structures amplify or absorb light based on their intrinsic material gain or loss. The coherent interference of multiple beams in space, e.g., in a resonator, can be exploited to tailor the wave interaction with material gain or loss, respectively maximizing lasing or coherent perfect absorption. By contrast, a time-varying system is not bound to conserve energy, even in the absence of material gain or loss, and can support amplification or absorption of a probe wave through parametric phenomena. Here, we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally how a subwavelength film of indium tin oxide, whose bulk permittivity is homogeneously and periodically modulated via optical pumping, can be dynamically tuned to act both as a non-resonant amplifier and a perfect absorber, by manipulating the relative phase of two counterpropagating probe beams. This extends the concept of coherent perfect absorption to the temporal domain. We interpret this result as selective switching between the gain and loss modes present in the momentum bandgap of a periodically modulated medium. By tailoring the relative intensity of the two probes, high-contrast modulation can be achieved with up to 80% absorption and 400% amplification. Our results demonstrate control of gain and loss in time-varying media at optical frequencies and pave the way towards coherent manipulation of light in Floquet-engineered complex photonic systems.