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Physical Review A

Preparation of a steady entangled state of two nitrogen-vacancy centers by simultaneously utilizing two dissipative factors

Zhao Jin, Shi‐Lei Su, Shou Zhang

Published Nov 27, 2019• 21 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A dissipation-based scheme is proposed to prepare the steady entangled state of two spatially separated nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers fixed on the exterior surface of two microtoroidal resonators coupled by a whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) field. The effective operator method is used to get an effective master equation which simplifies the systematic dynamics into ground-state subspace. Based on the effective dynamics, the parameter condition to use the NV center's spontaneous emission and that to use the resonator's photon loss as resources to prepare entanglement are achieved. Interestingly, we find that these two conditions are almost the same. To some extent, these two dissipative factors are no longer detrimental, but can be used simultaneously as powerful resources to prepare the steady entangled state, which forms a sharp contrast with most of the currently schemes utilizing one dissipative factor. On the other hand, the different forms of the steady entangled state are achievable via modulating systematic parameters. The scheme is independent of initial states and does not require precise time control. Numerical results show that high fidelity and purity can be obtained and the scheme is robust against small parameter deviations.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.100.052332

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A dissipation-based scheme is proposed to prepare the steady entangled state of two spatially separated nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers fixed on the exterior surface of two microtoroidal resonators coupled by a whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) field. The effective operator method is used to get an effective master equation which simplifies the systematic dynamics into ground-state subspace. Based on the effective dynamics, the parameter condition to use the NV center's spontaneous emission and that to use the resonator's photon loss as resources to prepare entanglement are achieved. Interestingly, we find that these two conditions are almost the same. To some extent, these two dissipative factors are no longer detrimental, but can be used simultaneously as powerful resources to prepare the steady entangled state, which forms a sharp contrast with most of the currently schemes utilizing one dissipative factor. On the other hand, the different forms of the steady entangled state are achievable via modulating systematic parameters. The scheme is independent of initial states and does not require precise time control. Numerical results show that high fidelity and purity can be obtained and the scheme is robust against small parameter deviations.
We present an efficient scheme for the generation of entangled states of two spatially separated nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers with two whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microresonators, which are coupled either by an optical fiber-taper waveguide or by the evanescent fields of the WGM. We show that the steady state of the two NV centers can be steered into a singletlike state through a dissipative quantum dynamical process, where the cavity decay plays a positive role and can help drive the system to the target state. The protocol may open up promising perspectives for quantum communication and computation with this solid-state cavity quantum electrodynamic system.
We investigate the entanglement generation between two nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond nanocrystal coupled to a high-Q counterpropagating twin whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) of a microtoroidal resonator. For looking into the degree and dynamics of the entanglement, we calculate the concurrence using the microscopic master equation approach. The influences of the coupling strength between the WGMs (or the size of the two spherical NV centers), the distance between two NV centers, the frequency detuning between the NV center and microresonator, and the initial state of the system on the dynamics of concurrence are discussed in detail. It is found that the maximum entanglement between the two NV centers can be created by properly adjusting these controllable system parameters. Our results may provide further insight into future solid-state cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) system for quantum information engineering.
We research the input–output process with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers fixed on the surface of micro-toroidal resonators (MTRs) with whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) and then present an efficient scheme for the synchronized generation of Bell and W states. In our scheme, entanglement can be prepared with the assistance of the polarized photon pulse and electron spin state of NV center. The analysis of the efficiency shows that our scheme is feasible with the current technology, which can be further used for quantum information processing.
Abstract We propose and analyze an NV-center implementation of a directed cavity-decay scheme for preparing the ground-state entanglement of two nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers coupled to a single-mode optical cavity. By combining antisymmetric optical driving with a relative phase difference φ 2 − φ 1 = π , microwave-induced population reshuffling within a triplet subspace, and cavity-assisted dissipation, the system is driven toward a singlet-dominated steady state in the ground-state manifold. Starting from the full Lindblad master equation, we construct a reduced four-state effective description that provides a transparent picture of the dominant pumping and leakage processes responsible for the entanglement-preparation mechanism. Based on this reduced model, we obtain analytical expressions for the steady-state fidelity and the effective population-subspace dissipative gap. Within the ideal weak-driving model, the preparation fidelity is mainly limited by the cavity cooperativity C , and in the strong-microwave regime the steady-state infidelity scales as 1 − F ∼ 1 / C . In contrast, the convergence speed is governed by the effective population-subspace gap, revealing the distinct physical roles of cavity-assisted pumping and microwave-induced reshuffling. Direct numerical simulations of the full Lindblad dynamics show quantitative agreement with the reduced description in the weak-driving regime. Deviations become visible at Ω / γ = 0.3 and quantitatively significant by Ω / γ ≃ 0.5 , where higher-excitation corrections can no longer be neglected. Along the specific control path Ω MW = Ω / 3 , the full dynamics confirm a path-dependent speed–fidelity trade-off: increasing the optical drive accelerates the preparation but lowers the steady-state fidelity. Our results provide a useful route toward preparing entanglement between NV spins in hybrid quantum systems.
The solid-state qubits based on diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers (NVC) are promising for future quantum information processing. We investigate the dynamics of entanglement among three NVCs coupled to a microtoroidal cavity supporting two counter-propagating whispering-gallery-modes (WGMs) in the presence of Rayleigh scattering. Our results indicate that the maximal entanglement among all the NVCs could be achieved through adjusting several key parameters, such as the scattering-induced coupling between the WGMs, the distance between the NVCs, and the NVC-WGM coupling strengths, as well as the frequency detuning between the NVC and cavity. We show that entanglement of the NVCs displays a series of damped oscillations under various experimental situations, which reflects the intricate interplay and competition between the Rayleigh scattering and the NVC-WGM coupling. The quantum dynamics of the system is obtained via solutions to the corresponding microscopic master equation, which agrees well with the numerical simulation results using the phenomenological master equation. The feasibility of our proposal is supported by the application of currently available experimental techniques.
We propose an efficient scheme for preparing entangled states between two separated nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in a spin-mechanical system via a dissipative quantum dynamical process. The proposal actively exploits the nanomechanical resonator (NAMR) damping to drive the NV centers to the target state through a quantum reservoir engineering approach. The distinct features of the present work are that we turn the detrimental source of noise into a resource and only need high-frequency low-Q mechanical resonators, which make our scheme more simple and feasible in experimental implementation. This protocol may have interesting applications in quantum information processing with spin-mechanical systems.