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Scientific Reports

Unified Monogamy Relations of Multipartite Entanglement

Awais Khan, Junaid ur Rehman, Kehao Wang, Hyundong Shin

Published Nov 11, 2019• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Unified-(q, s) entanglement [Formula: see text] is a generalized bipartite entanglement measure, which encompasses Tsallis-q entanglement, Rényi-q entanglement, and entanglement of formation as its special cases. We first provide the extended (q; s) region of the generalized analytic formula of [Formula: see text]. Then, the monogamy relation based on the squared [Formula: see text] for arbitrary multiqubit mixed states is proved. The monogamy relation proved in this paper enables us to construct an entanglement indicator that can be utilized to identify all genuine multiqubit entangled states even the cases where three tangle of concurrence loses its efficiency. It is shown that this monogamy relation also holds true for the generalized W-class state. The αth power [Formula: see text] based general monogamy and polygamy inequalities are established for tripartite qubit states.

DOI
10.1038/s41598-019-52817-y

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Unified-(q, s) entanglement [Formula: see text] is a generalized bipartite entanglement measure, which encompasses Tsallis-q entanglement, Rényi-q entanglement, and entanglement of formation as its special cases. We first provide the extended (q; s) region of the generalized analytic formula of [Formula: see text]. Then, the monogamy relation based on the squared [Formula: see text] for arbitrary multiqubit mixed states is proved. The monogamy relation proved in this paper enables us to construct an entanglement indicator that can be utilized to identify all genuine multiqubit entangled states even the cases where three tangle of concurrence loses its efficiency. It is shown that this monogamy relation also holds true for the generalized W-class state. The αth power [Formula: see text] based general monogamy and polygamy inequalities are established for tripartite qubit states.
Tsallis-q entanglement is a bipartite entanglement measure which is the generalization of entanglement of formation for q tending to 1. We first expand the range of q for the analytic formula of Tsallis-q entanglement. For , we prove the monogamy relation in terms of the squared Tsallis-q entanglement for an arbitrary multi-qubit systems. It is shown that the multipartite entanglement indicator based on squared Tsallis-q entanglement still works well even when the indicator based on the squared concurrence loses its efficacy. We also show that the μ-th power of Tsallis-q entanglement satisfies the monogamy or polygamy inequalities for any three-qubit state.
Monogamy relation is one of the essential properties of quantum entanglement, which characterizes the distribution of entanglement in a multipartite system. By virtual of the unified-(q,s) entropy, we obtain some novel monogamy and polygamy inequalities in general class of entanglement measures. For the multiqubit system, a class of tighter monogamy relations are established in term of the α-th power of unified-(q,s) entanglement for α ≥ 1. We also obtain a class of tighter polygamy relations in the β-th (0 ≤ β ≤ 1) power of unified-(q,s) entanglement of assistance. Applying these results to specific quantum correlations, e.g., entanglement of formation, Renyi-q entanglement of assistance, and Tsallis-q entanglement of assistance, we obtain the corresponding monogamy and polygamy relations. Typical examples are presented for illustration. Furthermore, the complementary monogamy and polygamy relations are investigated for the α-th (0 ≤ α ≤ 1) and β-th (β ≥ 1) powers of unified entropy, respectively, and the corresponding monogamy and polygamy inequalities are obtained.
Monogamy and polygamy relations characterize the distributions of entanglement in multipartite systems. We provide a characterization of multiqubit entanglement constraints in terms of unified-(q, s) entropy. A class of tighter monogamy inequalities of multiqubit entanglement based on the α-th power of unified-(q, s) entanglement for α ≥ 1 and a class of polygamy inequalities in terms of the β-th power of unified-(q, s) entanglement of assistance are established in this paper. Our results present a general class of the monogamy and polygamy relations for bipartite entanglement measures based on unified-(q, s) entropy, which are tighter than the existing ones. What is more, some usual monogamy and polygamy relations, such as monogamy and polygamy relations based on entanglement of formation, Renyi-q entanglement of assistance and Tsallis-q entanglement of assistance, can be obtained from these results by choosing appropriate parameters (q, s) in unified-(q, s) entropy entanglement. Typical examples are also presented for illustration.
Monogamy and polygamy relations are essential properties of quantum entanglement, which characterize the distributions of entanglement in multipartite systems. In this paper, we establish the general monogamy relations for γ-th (0 ≤ γ ≤ α, α ≥ 1) power of quantum entanglement based on unified-(q,s) entanglement and polygamy relations for δ-th (δ ≥ β, 0 ≤ β ≤ 1) power of entanglement of assistance based on unified-(q,s) entanglement of assistance, which provides a complement to the previous research in terms of different parameter regions of γ and δ. These results are then applied to specific quantum correlations, e.g., entanglement of formation, Renyi-q entanglement of assistance and Tsallis-q entanglement of assistance to get the corresponding monogamy and polygamy inequalities. Moreover, typical examples are presented for illustration.
We prove exactly that the squared entanglement of formation, which quantifies the bipartite entanglement, obeys a general monogamy inequality in an arbitrary multiqubit mixed state. Based on this kind of exotic monogamy relation, we are able to construct two sets of useful entanglement indicators: the first one can detect all genuine multiqubit entangled states even in the case of the two-qubit concurrence and n-tangles being zero, while the second one can be calculated via quantum discord and applied to multipartite entanglement dynamics. Moreover, we give a computable and nontrivial lower bound for multiqubit entanglement of formation.
We prove that the squared R\'enyi-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ entanglement ($\mathrm{SR}\ensuremath{\alpha}\mathrm{E}$), which is the generalization of entanglement of formation, obeys a general monogamy inequality in an arbitrary NNN-qubit mixed state. Furthermore, for a class of R\'enyi-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ entanglement, we prove that the monogamy relations of the $\mathrm{SR}\ensuremath{\alpha}\mathrm{E}$ have a hierarchical structure when the NNN-qubit system is divided into kkk parties. As a by-product, the analytical relation between the R\'enyi-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ entanglement and the squared concurrence is derived for bipartite $2\ensuremath{\bigotimes}d$ systems. Based on the monogamy properties of $\mathrm{SR}\ensuremath{\alpha}\mathrm{E}$, we can construct the corresponding multipartite entanglement indicators, which still work well even when the indicators based on the squared concurrence and EOF lose their efficacy. In addition, the monogamy property of the $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{th}$ power of R\'enyi-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ entanglement is analyzed.