International roadmap for devices and systems. Cryogenic electronics and quantum information processing. 2018 Update

D. Scott Holmes

The goal of this International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (IRDS) chapter is to survey, catalog, and assess the status of technologies in the areas of cryogenic electronics and quantum information processing. Application drivers are identified for sufficiently developed technologies and application needs are mapped as a function of time against projected capabilities to identify challenges requiring research and development effort.

Solveig Anders, Mark G. Blamire, F.-I. Buchholz +21 more

D. Scott Holmes, Erik P. DeBenedictis

The International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (IRDS) recently succeeded the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS). The roadmap driver changed from scaling physical dimensions to application requirements and now includes a broader range of non-semiconductor technologies, such as superconductor electronics (SCE). We review current applications for SCE, ranging from development activities to small- scale commercial products. Computational accelerators within data centers and other future applications will require significant improvements in circuit density, complexity, functional capability, memory capacity, and data rates in and out of the cryogenic environment. As a first step, we propose to develop an application-driven roadmap for superconducting digital computing that will include key decisions to be made by the superconductor electronics community.

Grzegorz H. Kasprowicz

Chunguang Li, Jia Wang, Yun Yi Wu +18 more

It has been nearly 110 years since the discovery of superconductors, and more than 30 years since the discovery of high temperature superconductors (HTS). Great progress has been made in the application of superconducting electronics in the last two decades. HTS microwave devices have shown much higher perfomance than the traditional ones and have found their ways to the industry applications in mobile communication, radar, and special communication applications. Owing to the ultrahigh sensitivity to magnetic fields and currents, superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) have been used as the irresplacible sensors in geological surveying, magnetic resonanc imaging, biomagnetic imaging, and other areas. The sensitivity of superconducting radiation detectors such as superconducting SIS mixer, superconducting hot electron bolometer, superconducting transition edge sensor, superconducting nanowire single photon detector, and superconducting microwave kinetic inductance detector are near the quantum limitation. They are now key technology in geophysics, astrophysics, quantum information science, biomedicine, and so on. Superconducting Josephson parametric amplifier has become a key element for superconducting quantum computing. Superconducting integrated circuit has been included in the international roadmap for devices and systems, and shows that having the potential to become one of the mainstreams for post-Moore information processing technology. In metrology, superconducting Josephson effect and Josephson junction array devices have been widely used in the redefinition of quantum voltage reference and basic units of the International system of Units. Superconducting electronics plays an important role in the current quantum information technology boom, which in turn promotes the development of superconducting electronics. This review will brief introduce the research and application of superconducting electronics in China in recent years.