Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Complex Light and Optical Forces

Entanglement-enabled quantum holography

Hugo Defienne, Bienvenu I. Ndagano, Ashley Lyons, Daniele Faccio

Published Mar 9, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Holography encodes information using classical light interference with applications ranging from microscopy to data storage. Quantum entanglement enables information processing with capabilities beyond technology based on classical principles. Here we introduce a holographic imaging concept that is conditioned on the coherence, and thus the entanglement, between the qubit terms in a quantum entangled photon state. By harnessing the nonlocal properties of entanglement, we remotely reconstruct an image encoded in the phase of spatial-polarisation hyper-entangled photons. The nonlocal nature of our measurements removes the need for path overlap, resulting in insensitivity to mechanical instabilities, while polarisation encoding provides robustness against random phase disorder. Furthermore, the measurement of correlations removes the sensitivity to the presence of stray light.

DOI
10.1117/12.2611318

Related papers

Quantum Holographic Communication via Holographic Entanglement Networks

Urvi Sinha, Souvik Mukherjee, Sumit Kumar Jindal

This study investigates quantum holography, emphasizing its capability to conduct holographic imaging without the requirement for first-order coherence—a limitation of classical physics. By harnessing quantum entanglement, where image data is embedded in the phase correlation of polarization-entangled photon pairs and spread across the transverse spatial dimension, quantum holography enhances imaging performance. This technique not only improves resolution for polarization-sensitive phase objects but also provides resilience against stochastic phase fluctuations and uncontrolled ambient light, offering significant tangible benefits compared to conventional holography. Additionally, its integration with quantum tomography enables precise analysis of multi-dimensional hyper-entangled states, advancing quantum state analysis. Although current challenges remain, such as extended acquisition times due to technological constraints, ongoing advancements in faster, more affordable sensors are expected to address these issues. As a result, quantum holography is poised to have broad applications in biological imaging, sensing, and the exploration of complex high-dimensional quantum states. These developments position quantum holography as a crucial technology in the future of quantum optical communication and information processing, driving innovation and opening new avenues in these fields.

International Conference on Control, Communication and Computing (ICCC)•May 23, 2025•0 citations

Entanglement-enabled quantum holography

Hugo Defienne, Bienvenu I. Ndagano, Ashley Lyons +1 more

We introduce a holographic imaging concept that is conditioned on photonic entanglement. We show that entanglement-encoded phase images can be retrieved through dynamic phase disorder and in the presence of classical noise, with practical advantage over classical holography.

Imaging and Applied Optics•Jan 1, 2020•3 citations

Quantum holography with undetected light

Sebastian Töpfer, Marta Gilaberte Basset, Jorge Fuenzalida +3 more

Holography exploits the interference of a light field reflected/transmitted from an object with a reference beam to obtain a reconstruction of the spatial shape of the object. Classical holography techniques have been very successful in diverse areas such as microscopy, manufacturing technology, and basic science. However, detection constraints for wavelengths outside the visible range restrict the applications for imaging and sensing in general. For overcoming these detection limitations, we implement phase-shifting holography with nonclassical states of light, where we exploit quantum interference between two-photon probability amplitudes in a nonlinear interferometer. We demonstrate that it allows retrieving the spatial shape (amplitude and phase) of the photons transmitted/reflected from the object and thus obtaining an image of the object despite those photons are never detected. Moreover, there is no need to use a well-characterized reference beam, since the two-photon scheme already makes use of one of the photons as reference for holography.

arXiv:2106.04904•Science Advances•Jan 14, 2022•114 citations

Quantum differential holography

Minggui Liang, Qiuying Li, Shizhen Chen +3 more

Abstract Holography provides an effective solution for retrieving the complex optical field, laying the foundation of precision measurement ranging from biological imaging to material analysis. However, conventional holography relies on splitting photon paths by a bulky interferometer to locally modulate the interference field, yielding only the wrapped phase. To overcome this, a quantum differential holography (QDH) is proposed, which employs a metasurface-integrated optical differentiator to achieve nonlocal polarization interference within a single signal photon path. The phase information is optically encoded as derivatives within the measured intensity, eliminating the fragile arctangent-based phase unwrapping step that plagues low-visibility fringe reconstruction. Furthermore, interference is remotely modulated by selecting the basis of an idler photon whose polarization is entangled with the spatiotemporal field of signal photon. The QDH provides a compact and stable quantum holographic platform, which unlocks additional possibilities for biomedicine, materials science, and quantum information processing.

PhotoniX•Apr 29, 2026•5 citations

Quantum Holography with Heralded Single-Photon Source

Denis Abramović, Nazif Demoli, Mario Stipčević +1 more

Quantum imaging usually refers to imaging that takes advantage of quantum entanglement to obtain results beyond the classically achievable limits [1]. Various complex experimental setups are used to obtain quantum images, and even more complex experimental setups are used when the goal is to record and retrieve the phase information of the object. Classical holography offers the possibility to record and retrieve phase information from a hologram [2]. However, in low-light conditions, a major challenge is to record images with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Classical schemes [3]–[5], of course, do not aim to demonstrate the quantum properties of the experiments, and quantum schemes [6]–[8] rely on complex preparation of the light beam and do not necessarily provide an advantage for holographic imaging. To date, no simple quantum scheme with quantum advantage has been developed for low-light holographic imaging.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•Jun 26, 2023•0 citations

High-Dimensional Entanglement-Enabled Holography

Ling‐Jun Kong, Yifan Sun, Furong Zhang +2 more

As an important imaging technique, holography has been realized with different physical dimensions of light, including polarization, wavelength, and time. Recently, quantum holography has been demonstrated by utilizing polarization entangled state with the advantages of high robustness and enhanced spatial resolution, comparing with classical holography. However, the polarization is only a two-dimensional degree of freedom, which greatly limits the capacity of quantum holography. Here, we propose a method to realize high-dimensional quantum holography by using high-dimensional orbital angular momentum (OAM) entanglement. A high-capacity OAM-encoded quantum holographic system can be obtained by multiplexing a wide range of OAM-dependent holographic images. Proof-of-principle experiments with four- and six-dimensional OAM entangled states have been implemented and verify the feasibility of our idea. Our experimental results also demonstrate that the high-dimensional quantum holography shows a high robustness to classical noise. What is more, the level of security of the holographic imaging encryption system can be greatly improved in our high-dimensional quantum holography.

Physical Review Letters•Feb 2, 2023•88 citations
Holography encodes information using classical light interference with applications ranging from microscopy to data storage. Quantum entanglement enables information processing with capabilities beyond technology based on classical principles. Here we introduce a holographic imaging concept that is conditioned on the coherence, and thus the entanglement, between the qubit terms in a quantum entangled photon state. By harnessing the nonlocal properties of entanglement, we remotely reconstruct an image encoded in the phase of spatial-polarisation hyper-entangled photons. The nonlocal nature of our measurements removes the need for path overlap, resulting in insensitivity to mechanical instabilities, while polarisation encoding provides robustness against random phase disorder. Furthermore, the measurement of correlations removes the sensitivity to the presence of stray light.
This study investigates quantum holography, emphasizing its capability to conduct holographic imaging without the requirement for first-order coherence—a limitation of classical physics. By harnessing quantum entanglement, where image data is embedded in the phase correlation of polarization-entangled photon pairs and spread across the transverse spatial dimension, quantum holography enhances imaging performance. This technique not only improves resolution for polarization-sensitive phase objects but also provides resilience against stochastic phase fluctuations and uncontrolled ambient light, offering significant tangible benefits compared to conventional holography. Additionally, its integration with quantum tomography enables precise analysis of multi-dimensional hyper-entangled states, advancing quantum state analysis. Although current challenges remain, such as extended acquisition times due to technological constraints, ongoing advancements in faster, more affordable sensors are expected to address these issues. As a result, quantum holography is poised to have broad applications in biological imaging, sensing, and the exploration of complex high-dimensional quantum states. These developments position quantum holography as a crucial technology in the future of quantum optical communication and information processing, driving innovation and opening new avenues in these fields.
Holography exploits the interference of a light field reflected/transmitted from an object with a reference beam to obtain a reconstruction of the spatial shape of the object. Classical holography techniques have been very successful in diverse areas such as microscopy, manufacturing technology, and basic science. However, detection constraints for wavelengths outside the visible range restrict the applications for imaging and sensing in general. For overcoming these detection limitations, we implement phase-shifting holography with nonclassical states of light, where we exploit quantum interference between two-photon probability amplitudes in a nonlinear interferometer. We demonstrate that it allows retrieving the spatial shape (amplitude and phase) of the photons transmitted/reflected from the object and thus obtaining an image of the object despite those photons are never detected. Moreover, there is no need to use a well-characterized reference beam, since the two-photon scheme already makes use of one of the photons as reference for holography.
Abstract Holography provides an effective solution for retrieving the complex optical field, laying the foundation of precision measurement ranging from biological imaging to material analysis. However, conventional holography relies on splitting photon paths by a bulky interferometer to locally modulate the interference field, yielding only the wrapped phase. To overcome this, a quantum differential holography (QDH) is proposed, which employs a metasurface-integrated optical differentiator to achieve nonlocal polarization interference within a single signal photon path. The phase information is optically encoded as derivatives within the measured intensity, eliminating the fragile arctangent-based phase unwrapping step that plagues low-visibility fringe reconstruction. Furthermore, interference is remotely modulated by selecting the basis of an idler photon whose polarization is entangled with the spatiotemporal field of signal photon. The QDH provides a compact and stable quantum holographic platform, which unlocks additional possibilities for biomedicine, materials science, and quantum information processing.
Quantum imaging usually refers to imaging that takes advantage of quantum entanglement to obtain results beyond the classically achievable limits [1]. Various complex experimental setups are used to obtain quantum images, and even more complex experimental setups are used when the goal is to record and retrieve the phase information of the object. Classical holography offers the possibility to record and retrieve phase information from a hologram [2]. However, in low-light conditions, a major challenge is to record images with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Classical schemes [3]–[5], of course, do not aim to demonstrate the quantum properties of the experiments, and quantum schemes [6]–[8] rely on complex preparation of the light beam and do not necessarily provide an advantage for holographic imaging. To date, no simple quantum scheme with quantum advantage has been developed for low-light holographic imaging.
As an important imaging technique, holography has been realized with different physical dimensions of light, including polarization, wavelength, and time. Recently, quantum holography has been demonstrated by utilizing polarization entangled state with the advantages of high robustness and enhanced spatial resolution, comparing with classical holography. However, the polarization is only a two-dimensional degree of freedom, which greatly limits the capacity of quantum holography. Here, we propose a method to realize high-dimensional quantum holography by using high-dimensional orbital angular momentum (OAM) entanglement. A high-capacity OAM-encoded quantum holographic system can be obtained by multiplexing a wide range of OAM-dependent holographic images. Proof-of-principle experiments with four- and six-dimensional OAM entangled states have been implemented and verify the feasibility of our idea. Our experimental results also demonstrate that the high-dimensional quantum holography shows a high robustness to classical noise. What is more, the level of security of the holographic imaging encryption system can be greatly improved in our high-dimensional quantum holography.