On Conservative Dynamical Systems and the Equation of Wave Mechanics

Lajos Jánossy, Maria Ziegler-Náray

Dieter Schuch

Abstract Equations of motion on the levels of classical mechanics, hydrodynamics, and wave mechanics are analyzed and existing connections are shown. The manifestation of particle and wave aspects on the different levels are investigated. Dissipative frictional forces are included and a nonlinear wave mechanical equation for these systems can be found. It follows the discussion of an alternative to the time‐dependent Schrödinger equation (SE) in order to obtain the dynamical information on particle and wave aspects in a different form. This can be achieved by means of a Newtonian equation for a complex variable in connection with a conservation law for a nonclassical angular momentum‐type quantity. With the help of this complex variable it is also possible to develop a Hamiltonian formalism for the wave aspect contained in the SE, the fluctuation, or uncertainty of position and momentum. In this case the Hamiltonian function is equivalent to the difference between the mean value of the Hamiltonian operator and the classical Hamiltonian function. Possible extensions and applications are mentioned.

Richard Joseph Oldani

We reformulate matrix mechanics by incrementally heating a single hydrogen atom in order to derive the complete, diagonalized Hamiltonian matrix. The spectral lines and transition probabilities cannot be generated by reversing time thereby demonstrating asymmetry. Experimental evidence in support of the theoretical model is obtained from experiments performed with the simplest quantum system, an electron cyclotron. Wave mechanics is also reformulated by altering the original Schrödinger equation describing a time symmetric, conservative system to a system of two independent equations describing a time asymmetric, non-conservative system.

Lajos Jánossy, Maria Ziegler-Náray

M. Huszár, Maria Ziegler-Náray

Amit Acharya

The Hamilton-Jacobi equation of classical mechanics is approached as a model reduction of conservative particle mechanics where the velocity degrees-of-freedom are eliminated. This viewpoint allows an extension of the association of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation from conservative systems to general Newtonian particle systems involving non-conservative forces, including dissipative ones. A geometric optics approximation leads to a dissipative Schrödinger equation, with the expected limiting form when the associated classical force system involves conservative forces.