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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

On electromagnetically induced transparency in N-systems in cold 87 Rb atoms

Charu Mishra, A. Chakraborty, Surjya Prakash Ram, S. Singh, Vibhuti Bhushan Tiwari, Satya Ram Mishra

Published Oct 21, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We have investigated two N-systems in D 2 line transition of 87 Rb atoms theoretically and experimentally. The study has been carried out with cold 87 Rb atoms trapped in a magneto-optical trap. Each N-system has shown dual electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) structure in probe transmission, which is qualitatively explained using dressed-state picture. The dependence of spectral features of N-systems on coupling and control beams strength and detuning has been investigated. The results show that the dual EIT spectral features in both the N-systems can be manipulated by varying the strength and detuning of coupling and control beams. The numerical modeling of the systems using density matrix formalism also explains the experimentally observed results.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6455/ab4fd4

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Observation of dual electromagnetically induced transparencies in cold 87Rb^{87}Rb87Rb atoms
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We present the experimental observations and theoretical calculations of two electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) windows and an enhanced EIT signal in a four-level tripod system of D1 line of 87 Rb atoms. The two EIT dips produced by a strong coupling beam and a weak trigger beam were observed in the absorption spectrum of probe field, when the frequency detuning of the trigger beam was different from that of the coupling beam. When the frequency detuning of the trigger beam was near or equal to that of the coupling beam, the total depth of the EIT dip created by the coupling beam clearly became larger. The experimental measurements were in agreement with theoretical calculations.
This dissertation reports experimental studies of nonlinear optical effects manifested by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in cold Rb atoms. The cold Rb atoms are confined in a magneto-optic trap (MOT) obtained with the standard laser cooling and trapping technique. Because of the near zero Doppler shift and a high phase density, the cold Rb sample is well suited for studies of atomic coherence and interference and related applications, and the experiments can be compared quantitatively with theoretical calculations. It is shown that with EIT induced in the multi-level Rb system by laser fields, the linear absorption is suppressed and the nonlinear susceptibility is enhanced, which enables studies of nonlinear optics in the cold atoms with slow photons and at low light intensities. Three independent experiments are described and the experimental results are presented. First, an experimental method that can produce simultaneously co-propagating slow and fast light pulses is discussed and the experimental demonstration is reported. Second, it is shown that in a three-level Rb system coupled by multi-color laser fields, the multi-channel two-photon Raman transitions can be manipulated by the relative phase and frequency of a control laser field. Third, a scheme for all-optical switching near single photon levels is developed. The scheme is based on the phase-dependent multi-photon interference in a coherently coupled four-level system. The phase dependent multi-photon interference is observed and switching of a single light pulse by a control pulse containing ∼20 photons is demonstrated. These experimental studies reveal new phenomena manifested by quantum coherence and interference in cold atoms, contribute to the advancement of fundamental quantum optics and nonlinear optics at ultra-low light intensities, and may lead to the development of new techniques to control quantum states of atoms and photons, which will be useful for applications in quantum measurements and quantum photonic devices.
Absorption spectra of cold caesium atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap are measured around D 2 line at 852nm with a weak probe beam. Absorption reduction dip due to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect induced by the cooling/trapping field in a V-type three-level system and a gain peak near the cycling transition are clearly observed. Several mechanisms mixed with EIT effect in a normal V-type three-level system are briefly discussed. A simple theoretical analysis based on a dressed-state model is presented for interpretation of the absorption spectra.