Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Entropy

Entropy Distribution in a Quantum Informational Circuit of Tunable Szilard Engines

Jose M. Diazdelacruz

Published Oct 8, 2019• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

This paper explores the possibility of extending the existing model of a single-particle Quantum Szilard Engine to take advantage of some features of quantum information for driving typical mechanical systems. It focuses on devices that output mechanical work, extracting energy from a single thermal reservoir at the cost of increasing the entropy of a qubit; the reverse process is also considered. In this alternative, several engines may share the information carried by the same qubit, although its interception will prove completely worthless for any illegitimate user. To this end, multi-partite quantum entanglement is employed. Besides, some changes in the cycle of the standard single-particle Quantum Szilard Engine are described, which lend more flexibility to meeting additional requirements in typical mechanical systems. The modifications allow having qubit input and output states of adjustable entropy. This feature enables the possibility of chaining the qubit between engines so that its output state from one can be used as an input state for another. Finally, another tweak is presented that allows for tuning the average output force of the engine.

DOI
10.3390/e21100980

Related papers

Leveraging Machine Learning to Gain Insights on Quantum Thermodynamic Entropy

P. Srinivasa Rao

We present a thermodynamic analysis of a quantum engine that uses a single quantum particle as its working fluid, inspired by Szilard's classical single-particle engine. Our design is modeled after the classically-chaotic Szilard Map and involves a thermodynamic cycle of measurement, thermal-energy extraction, and memory reset. Our focus is on investigating the thermodynamic costs associated with observing and controlling the particle and comparing these costs in the quantum and classical limits. Through our study, we aim to shed light on the thermodynamic trade-offs that arise from Lindauer's Principle for information-processing-induced thermodynamic dissipation in both the quantum and classical regimes. Using machine learning methods, we demonstrate that energy analysis can be performed and the quantum engine can be simulated according to the Szilard engine based Second Law of Thermodynamics in its working condition. However, we note that the quantum engine operates using significantly different mechanisms than its classical counterpart, where the cost of inserting partitions plays a critical role in the quantum implementation.

arXiv:2305.06177•May 8, 2023•0 citations

Szilard Engines as Quantum Thermodynamical Systems

Maryam Ashrafi, Ray, Kyle J., Fabio Anzà +1 more

We analyze an engine whose working fluid consists of a single quantum particle, paralleling Szilard's construction of a classical single-particle engine. Following his resolution of Maxwell's Second Law paradox using the latter, which turned on physically instantiating the demon (control subsystem), the quantum engine's design mirrors the classically-chaotic Szilard Map that operates a thermodynamic cycle of measurement, thermal-energy extraction, and memory reset. Focusing on the thermodynamic costs to observe and control the particle and comparing these in the quantum and classical limits, we detail the thermodynamic tradeoffs behind Landauer's Principle for information-processing-induced thermodynamic dissipation in the quantum and classical regimes. In particular, and as found with the classical engine, we show that the sum of the thermodynamic costs over a cycle obeys a generalized Landauer Principle, exactly balancing energy extraction from the heat bath. Thus, the quantum engine obeys the Second Law. However, the quantum engine does so via substantially different mechanisms: classically measurement and erasure determine the thermodynamics, while in the quantum implementation the cost of partition insertion is key.

arXiv:2010.14652•Oct 27, 2020•3 citations

Quantum Enhanced Energy Distribution for Information Heat Engines

J. M. Diaz de la Cruz, Miguel Angel Martin-Delgado

A new scenario for energy distribution, security and shareability is presented that assumes the availability of quantum information heat engines and a thermal bath. It is based on the convertibility between entropy and work in the presence of a thermal reservoir. Our approach to the informational content of physical systems that are distributed between users is complementary to the conventional perspective of quantum communication. The latter places the value on the unpredictable content of the transmitted quantum states, while our interest focuses on their certainty. Some well-known results in quantum communication are reused in this context. Particularly, we describe a way to securely distribute quantum states to be used for unlocking energy from thermal sources. We also consider some multi-partite entangled and classically correlated states for a collaborative multi-user sharing of work extraction possibilities. Besides, the relation between the communication and work extraction capabilities is analyzed and written as an equation.

arXiv:1603.07851•Mar 25, 2016•0 citations

Supremacy of the quantum many-body Szilard engine with attractive bosons

J. Bengtsson, M. Nilsson Tengstrand, A. Wacker +4 more

In a classic thought experiment, Szilard suggested a heat engine where a single particle, for example an atom or a molecule, is confined in a container coupled to a single heat bath. The container can be separated into two parts by a moveable wall acting as a piston. In a single cycle of the engine, work can be extracted from the information on which side of the piston the particle resides. The work output is consistent with Landauers principle that the erasure of one bit of information costs the entropy kB ln 2, exemplifying the fundamental relation between work, heat and information. Here we apply the concept of the Szilard engine to a fully interacting quantum many-body system. We find that a working medium of a number of bosons (larger or equal two) with attractive interactions is clearly superior to other previously discussed setups. In sharp contrast to the classical case, we find that the average work output increases with the particle number. The highest overshoot occurs for a small but finite temperature, showing an intricate interplay between thermal and quantum effects. We anticipate that our finding will shed new light on the role of information in controlling thermodynamic fluctuations in the deep quantum regime, which are strongly influenced by quantum correlations in interacting systems.

arXiv:1701.08138•Jan 27, 2017•3 citations

Enhanced Energy Distribution for Quantum Information Heat Engines

Jose M. Diazdelacruz, Miguel Angel Martin-Delgado

A new scenario for energy distribution, security and shareability is presented that assumes the availability of quantum information heat engines and a thermal bath. It is based on the convertibility between entropy and work in the presence of a thermal reservoir. Our approach to the informational content of physical systems that are distributed between users is complementary to the conventional perspective of quantum communication. The latter places the value on the unpredictable content of the transmitted quantum states, while our interest focuses on their certainty. Some well-known results in quantum communication are reused in this context. Particularly, we describe a way to securely distribute quantum states to be used for unlocking energy from thermal sources. We also consider some multi-partite entangled and classically correlated states for a collaborative multi-user sharing of work extraction possibilities. In addition, the relation between the communication and work extraction capabilities is analyzed and written as an equation.

Entropy•Sep 14, 2016•8 citations

Implementation of a Quantum Engine Fuelled by Information

John P. S. Peterson, Roberto S. Sarthour, Raymond Laflamme

Here, we show the implementation of a complete cycle of a quantum engine fuelled by information. This engine is a quantum version of the Szilard engine, where information is used to extract heat from the environment and fully convert it into work. In our experiment, this work is used to make a weight, initially in the ground state, reach its excited state. We measure the energy and the state of each component of the engine, after each step of the cycle, and compare them with the theoretical prediction to show that the cycle is implemented with high precision. We also perform experiments to show that the engine is well isolated from the environment after the heat extraction, and we measure the entropy of the weight to show the full conversion of heat into work. Thus, we successfully demonstrate that information can be used as a fuel for single-reservoir engines.

arXiv:2006.10136•Jun 17, 2020•5 citations
This paper explores the possibility of extending the existing model of a single-particle Quantum Szilard Engine to take advantage of some features of quantum information for driving typical mechanical systems. It focuses on devices that output mechanical work, extracting energy from a single thermal reservoir at the cost of increasing the entropy of a qubit; the reverse process is also considered. In this alternative, several engines may share the information carried by the same qubit, although its interception will prove completely worthless for any illegitimate user. To this end, multi-partite quantum entanglement is employed. Besides, some changes in the cycle of the standard single-particle Quantum Szilard Engine are described, which lend more flexibility to meeting additional requirements in typical mechanical systems. The modifications allow having qubit input and output states of adjustable entropy. This feature enables the possibility of chaining the qubit between engines so that its output state from one can be used as an input state for another. Finally, another tweak is presented that allows for tuning the average output force of the engine.
We present a thermodynamic analysis of a quantum engine that uses a single quantum particle as its working fluid, inspired by Szilard's classical single-particle engine. Our design is modeled after the classically-chaotic Szilard Map and involves a thermodynamic cycle of measurement, thermal-energy extraction, and memory reset. Our focus is on investigating the thermodynamic costs associated with observing and controlling the particle and comparing these costs in the quantum and classical limits. Through our study, we aim to shed light on the thermodynamic trade-offs that arise from Lindauer's Principle for information-processing-induced thermodynamic dissipation in both the quantum and classical regimes. Using machine learning methods, we demonstrate that energy analysis can be performed and the quantum engine can be simulated according to the Szilard engine based Second Law of Thermodynamics in its working condition. However, we note that the quantum engine operates using significantly different mechanisms than its classical counterpart, where the cost of inserting partitions plays a critical role in the quantum implementation.
We analyze an engine whose working fluid consists of a single quantum particle, paralleling Szilard's construction of a classical single-particle engine. Following his resolution of Maxwell's Second Law paradox using the latter, which turned on physically instantiating the demon (control subsystem), the quantum engine's design mirrors the classically-chaotic Szilard Map that operates a thermodynamic cycle of measurement, thermal-energy extraction, and memory reset. Focusing on the thermodynamic costs to observe and control the particle and comparing these in the quantum and classical limits, we detail the thermodynamic tradeoffs behind Landauer's Principle for information-processing-induced thermodynamic dissipation in the quantum and classical regimes. In particular, and as found with the classical engine, we show that the sum of the thermodynamic costs over a cycle obeys a generalized Landauer Principle, exactly balancing energy extraction from the heat bath. Thus, the quantum engine obeys the Second Law. However, the quantum engine does so via substantially different mechanisms: classically measurement and erasure determine the thermodynamics, while in the quantum implementation the cost of partition insertion is key.
A new scenario for energy distribution, security and shareability is presented that assumes the availability of quantum information heat engines and a thermal bath. It is based on the convertibility between entropy and work in the presence of a thermal reservoir. Our approach to the informational content of physical systems that are distributed between users is complementary to the conventional perspective of quantum communication. The latter places the value on the unpredictable content of the transmitted quantum states, while our interest focuses on their certainty. Some well-known results in quantum communication are reused in this context. Particularly, we describe a way to securely distribute quantum states to be used for unlocking energy from thermal sources. We also consider some multi-partite entangled and classically correlated states for a collaborative multi-user sharing of work extraction possibilities. Besides, the relation between the communication and work extraction capabilities is analyzed and written as an equation.
In a classic thought experiment, Szilard suggested a heat engine where a single particle, for example an atom or a molecule, is confined in a container coupled to a single heat bath. The container can be separated into two parts by a moveable wall acting as a piston. In a single cycle of the engine, work can be extracted from the information on which side of the piston the particle resides. The work output is consistent with Landauers principle that the erasure of one bit of information costs the entropy kB ln 2, exemplifying the fundamental relation between work, heat and information. Here we apply the concept of the Szilard engine to a fully interacting quantum many-body system. We find that a working medium of a number of bosons (larger or equal two) with attractive interactions is clearly superior to other previously discussed setups. In sharp contrast to the classical case, we find that the average work output increases with the particle number. The highest overshoot occurs for a small but finite temperature, showing an intricate interplay between thermal and quantum effects. We anticipate that our finding will shed new light on the role of information in controlling thermodynamic fluctuations in the deep quantum regime, which are strongly influenced by quantum correlations in interacting systems.
A new scenario for energy distribution, security and shareability is presented that assumes the availability of quantum information heat engines and a thermal bath. It is based on the convertibility between entropy and work in the presence of a thermal reservoir. Our approach to the informational content of physical systems that are distributed between users is complementary to the conventional perspective of quantum communication. The latter places the value on the unpredictable content of the transmitted quantum states, while our interest focuses on their certainty. Some well-known results in quantum communication are reused in this context. Particularly, we describe a way to securely distribute quantum states to be used for unlocking energy from thermal sources. We also consider some multi-partite entangled and classically correlated states for a collaborative multi-user sharing of work extraction possibilities. In addition, the relation between the communication and work extraction capabilities is analyzed and written as an equation.
Here, we show the implementation of a complete cycle of a quantum engine fuelled by information. This engine is a quantum version of the Szilard engine, where information is used to extract heat from the environment and fully convert it into work. In our experiment, this work is used to make a weight, initially in the ground state, reach its excited state. We measure the energy and the state of each component of the engine, after each step of the cycle, and compare them with the theoretical prediction to show that the cycle is implemented with high precision. We also perform experiments to show that the engine is well isolated from the environment after the heat extraction, and we measure the entropy of the weight to show the full conversion of heat into work. Thus, we successfully demonstrate that information can be used as a fuel for single-reservoir engines.