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Elsevier eBooks

Waves, photons, atoms

Hermann Haken

Published Jan 1, 1981• 5 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Preface. List of symbols. 1. What is light? 2. The nature of light: waves or particles? 3. The nature of matter. Particles or waves? 4. Response of quantum systems to classical electromagnetic oscillations. 5. Quantization of the light field. 6. Quantization of electron wave field. 7. The interaction between light field and matter. 8. Quantum theory of coherence. 9. Dissipation and fluctuations in quantum optics. References. Subject index.

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Preface. List of symbols. 1. What is light? 2. The nature of light: waves or particles? 3. The nature of matter. Particles or waves? 4. Response of quantum systems to classical electromagnetic oscillations. 5. Quantization of the light field. 6. Quantization of electron wave field. 7. The interaction between light field and matter. 8. Quantum theory of coherence. 9. Dissipation and fluctuations in quantum optics. References. Subject index.
"The interaction of light and matter has long history. It evolved from the ancient corpuscular theory, to wave theory, and finally to the quantum theory. Matter is composed of charged particles, among them positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons that are in motion. Light is an oscillating electromagnetic wave. But light is also particles (photons). The primary objective of this Field Guide to Light-Matter Interaction is to provide the reader with the basic principles of light and matter interaction using classical, semiclassical, and quantum theories. Within this Field Guide, you will find formulae and descriptions of phenomena that are fundamental for an understanding of the present state of the art of light-matter interaction"--
This book provides an elementary introduction to the subject of quantum optics, the study of the quantum mechanical nature of light and its interaction with matter. The presentation is almost entirely concerned with the quantized electromagnetic field. Topics covered include single-mode field quantization in a cavity, quantization of multimode fields, quantum phase, coherent states, quasi-probability distribution in phase space, atom-field interactions, the Jaynes-Cummings model, quantum coherence theory, beam splitters and interferometers, dissipative interactions, nonclassical field states with squeezing etc., 'Schrödinger cat' states, tests of local realism with entangled photons from down-conversion, experimental realizations of cavity quantum electrodynamics, trapped ions, decoherence, and some applications to quantum information processing, particularly quantum cryptography. The book contains many homework problems and an extensive bibliography. This text is designed for upper-level undergraduates taking courses in quantum optics who have already taken a course in quantum mechanics, and for first and second year graduate students.
The subject of this book is based on the compulsory course "Quantum Optics and Lasers" of the Department of "Solid State Physics" of the Faculty of Physics of the Natural Sciences School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. 1. Introduction to the quantum nature of light. 2. Mechanisms of interaction of electromagnetic (EM) radiation and matter (two-level system). 3. Semiclassical approach of the interaction of EM radiation and matter. EM field: classically. Two-level system e.g. atom: quantum mechanically. 4. Quantum mechanical approach of the interaction of EM radiation and matter. EM field quantization. 5. Lasers. 6. Density matrix. 7. Some other issues for the properties and the operation of Lasers.
The study of light through the centuries has produced a number of theories and experiments. Newton advanced the corpuscular theory, building on the early Greek view of matter composed of atoms. Then Young essentially proved the wave nature of light through the interference experiments. Maxwell provided the firm theoretical basis for the wave nature. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, further experiments showed predictions based on a continuous wave led to the well-known ultraviolet catastrophe. Plank and Einstein originated and developed the notion of the photon as an elementary quantum of propagating electromagnetic (EM) energy. The first half of the 20th century saw the development of the field quantization and the quantum electrodynamics (QED). Feynmann labeled QED as ‘‘the best theory we have’’ to describe the matter-light interaction. The second half of the 20th century witnessed the development of the coherent and squeezed optical states attributable to Glauber and Yuen. The study of light and electromagnetic fields has a long history. This chapter explores the nature of light in terms of quantum optics.
Preface. List of symbols. 1. Introduction. 2. Basic properties and types of lasers. 3. Laser resonators. 4. The intensity of laser light. Rate equations. 5. The basic equations of the semiclassical laser theory. 6. Applications of semiclassical theory. 7. Ultrashort pulses. 8. Instability hierachies of laser light. Chaos, and routes to chaos. 9. Optical bistability. 10. Quantum theory of the laser I. A first approach via quantum mechanical Langevin equations. Coherence, noise and photon-statistics. 11. Quantum theory of the laser II. A second approach via the density matrix equation and quantum classical correspondence. 12 A theoretical treatment of the two-photon laser. 13. The laser - trailblazer of synergetics. References. Subject index.