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Optics and Spectroscopy

The Influence of Electric and Magnetic Fields on Angular Distribution of Intensity of Light Scattered from a Cold Atomic Ensemble

Ларионов Николай Владимирович, Igor M. Sokolov

Published Sep 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract An angular distribution of the intensity of light scattered from an optically dense cold atomic ensemble placed into homogeneous static electric or magnetic field is calculated. Partial contributions of different orders of scattering into the selected polarization component of total intensity of the secondary radiation are analyzed. It is demonstrated that static fields make the medium anisotropic, which results in changes in both an angular distribution of such a radiation and relative contributions of different orders of scattering.

DOI
10.1134/s0030400x19090169

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Abstract An angular distribution of the intensity of light scattered from an optically dense cold atomic ensemble placed into homogeneous static electric or magnetic field is calculated. Partial contributions of different orders of scattering into the selected polarization component of total intensity of the secondary radiation are analyzed. It is demonstrated that static fields make the medium anisotropic, which results in changes in both an angular distribution of such a radiation and relative contributions of different orders of scattering.
The correlation functions of the electromagnetic radiation scattered by an ensemble of atoms cooled to sub-Doppler temperatures and placed in an external static electric or magnetic field have been calculated by the diagram technique. Based on the derived relations, we have studied in detail the effect of coherent backscattering (CBS) of light. We have calculated the enhancement factor for CBS and analyzed its polarization and spectral dependences. We show that external fields affect the nature of multiple light scattering in an atomic ensemble, in particular, the character of interference upon such scattering, by leading to its optical anisotropy and related birefringence and dichroism. This, in turn, affects all of the observed CBS characteristics.
On the basis of the general theoretical approach developed previously by Fofanov et al. [Ya. A. Fofanov et al., Phys. Rev. A 84, 053811 (2011)], we analyze the atomic polarization created by weak monochromatic light in an optically thick, dense, and cold atomic ensemble placed in an electrostatic field. On this basis, we determine complex refractive indexes and the permittivity tensor of the medium. We analyze the dispersion of the permittivity and its dependence on the strength of the field and on the density of the medium. We show that electro-optic effects in dilute and cold gases differ essentially from those in dense ones. In the latter case, electric field modifies the shape, amplitude, and typical linewidth of the atomic resonance. The electric field also modifies the collective Lamb shift. Observed peculiarities are explained as a result of the indirect influence of the field on optical properties of dense gases through modification of polyatomic collective effects caused by interatomic dipole-dipole interactions.
The probe light scattering on the cold optically dense atomic ensemble is studied theoretically in the paper. In order to describe multiple scattering of light in the context of quantum electrodynamics, the Konstantinov–Perel–Keldysh diagram technique has been used. This technique allows to rewrite the considered case of light scattering in terms of diagram series where each term describes incoherent scattering of certain order. Decoding these terms allowed us to obtain the explicit analytical expression for the cross-section of multiple incoherent scattering for the case of stationary two-level atoms (transition Jg = 0 → Je = 1). The numerical analysis of this expression carried out by applying the Monte-Carlo simulation made it possible to find an influence of different orders of scattering on forming the angular dependence of scattered light intensity.
The permittivity tensor of dense and cold atomic ensembles exposed to an electrostatic field has been calculated in the microscopic quantum-mechanical approach. The anisotropic properties and dispersion of the systems under consideration have been analyzed. It has been shown that the electro-optical effects in dense ensembles are manifested in an essentially different manner than in diluted ones, where the resonant dipole–dipole interaction between atoms can be neglected. The discovered features have been explained by the influence of the electric field on the character of collective effects, which affect considerably the optical properties of the ensembles of interacting atoms.