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Frontiers in Optics

Designing Slow-Light Waveguides

Stavroula Foteinopoulou

Published Jan 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

With a paradigm waveguide system analyzed here we assert that the widespread figure of merit for slow-light waveguides, the normalized delay-bandwidth product, is not a good measure in the ultra-slow light regime.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2019.jw4a.58

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Delay-bandwidth product (DBP) is a key metric in slow light waveguides, requiring a balance between a large group index and broad bandwidth—two parameters that often involve a trade-off. Here, we propose and demonstrate a slow light waveguide with large DBP using a pseudospin-polarized transverse electromagnetic mode. This waveguide features a folded edge configuration that supports a 200% relative bandwidth from quasistatic limit (zero frequency) and an arbitrarily large group index. Owing to the pseudospin-polarized design, the dense folding would not introduce backscattering and the associated group velocity dispersion (GVD). The resulting gapless linear dispersion and pulse transmission behavior in folded edge waveguide are observed in microwave experiments. Our scheme provides a way to overcome the trade-off between group index and working bandwidth in slow light waveguide, which has potential applications in broadband optical buffering, light-matter interaction enhancement, terahertz radiation source and time domain processing. Delay-bandwidth product (DBP), which require a large group index and a wide bandwidth, is an important indicator in slow light waveguides. This work relaxes the trade-off between group velocity and working bandwidth in 200% relative bandwidth, and realizes a pseudospin-polarized slow-light waveguide with large DBP and low group velocity dispersion.
Slow and fast light processes, based on both structural and material dispersions, are realized in a wide tuning range in this article. Coherent population oscillations (CPO) in electrically tunable quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers lead to a variable group index ranging from the background index ( n bgd ) to ∼ 30. A photonic crystal waveguide is then dispersion engineered and a group index of 260 with the normalized delay-bandwidth product (NDBP) of 0.65 is achieved in the proposed waveguide. Using comprehensive numerical simulations, we show that a considerable enhancement of slow light effect can be achieved by combining both the material and the structural dispersions in the proposed active QDPCW structure. We compare our developed FDTD results with analytical results and show that there is good agreement between the results, which demonstrates that the proposed electrically-tunable slow light idea is obtainable in the QDPCW structure. We achieve a total group index in a wide tuning range from n bgd to ∼ 1500 at the operation bandwidth, which shows a significant enhancement compared with the schemes based only on material or structural dispersions. The tuning range and also NDBP of the slow light scheme are much larger than those of the electrically tunable CPO process.