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IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications; IEEE International Conference on Smart City; IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Systems (HPCC/SmartCity/DSS)

Performance Analysis and Beamforming Design for Secure Visible Light Communications

Bo Huang, Jianxin Dai, Hong Ge, Jin‐Yuan Wang

Published Aug 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper analyzes the secrecy rate and designs the secure beamforming for an indoor visible light communication (VLC) network consisting of one transmitter, one legitimate receiver, one eavesdropper, and several friendly jammers. In the VLC network, both the main and wiretapping channels have a uniformly distributed signal input and corrupted with additive white Gaussian noise. The imperfect channel state information (CSI) is considered by using the ellipsoidal approximation method. Under the amplitude constraints of the data and the interfering signal, the secrecy rate for the VLC network is analyzed. A beamforming optimization problem is proposed to maximize the secrecy rate with the given constraints. It is shown that the optimization problem is non-convex. In this paper, it is transformed into a solvable quasi-convex linear search problem. Numerical results demonstrate the performance gain of the optimal beamformer compared to the zero-forcing scheme. Moreover, the secrecy performance under different CSI uncertainties is also provided.

DOI
10.1109/hpcc/smartcity/dss.2019.00384

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This paper analyzes the secrecy rate and designs the secure beamforming for an indoor visible light communication (VLC) network consisting of one transmitter, one legitimate receiver, one eavesdropper, and several friendly jammers. In the VLC network, both the main and wiretapping channels have a uniformly distributed signal input and corrupted with additive white Gaussian noise. The imperfect channel state information (CSI) is considered by using the ellipsoidal approximation method. Under the amplitude constraints of the data and the interfering signal, the secrecy rate for the VLC network is analyzed. A beamforming optimization problem is proposed to maximize the secrecy rate with the given constraints. It is shown that the optimization problem is non-convex. In this paper, it is transformed into a solvable quasi-convex linear search problem. Numerical results demonstrate the performance gain of the optimal beamformer compared to the zero-forcing scheme. Moreover, the secrecy performance under different CSI uncertainties is also provided.
This work considers secure downlink transmission in indoor multiple-input, single-output visible-light communication (VLC) links. In particular, we study the design of transmit beamformers that maximize the achievable secrecy rate subject to amplitude constraints imposed by the limited dynamic range of the light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Such constraints render the design problem nonconvex and difficult to solve. We show, however, that this nonconvex problem can be transformed into a solvable quasiconvex line search problem. We also consider the more realistic case of imperfect channel information regarding the receiver's and eavesdropper's links. We tackle the worst-case secrecy rate maximization problem, again subject to amplitude constraints. In our treatment, uncertainty in the receiver's channel is due to limited feedback, and is modeled by spherical sets. On the other hand, there is no feedback from the eavesdropper, and the transmitter shall utilize the line-of-sight channel gain equation to map the eavesdropper's nominal location and orientation into an estimate of the channel gain. Thus, we derive uncertainty sets based on inaccurate information regarding the eavesdropper's location and orientation, as well as the emission pattern of the LEDs. We also consider channel mismatches caused by the uncertain non-line-of-sight components. We provide numerical examples to demonstrate the performance gain of the optimal beamformer compared with the suboptimal schemes, and the robust beamformer compared with its nonrobust counterparts. We also evaluate the worst-case secrecy rate performance of the robust beamformer in a typical VLC scenario along with the aforementioned uncertainty sources.
This paper investigates a multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) visible light communication (VLC) wiretap channel consisting of a transmitter, a legitimate receiver, and an eavesdropper. The optical input is subject to both peakand average-intensity constraints. By applying the generalized entropy-power inequality to truncated exponential inputs, we derive a novel closed-form expression for the achievable secrecy rate for general MIMO VLC configurations. To enhance transmission confidentiality, a fully-connected beamforming scheme is proposed, along with a low-complexity sub-connected alternative. Although the resulting beamforming design problems are nonconvex, they are efficiently addressed by transforming them into a sequence of convex subproblems solvable via the successive convex approximation framework. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed schemes achieve significant secrecy performance improvements compared with the benchmark scheme.
In this paper, the physical-layer secrecy problem is investigated for the indoor multiple-input single-output (MISO) visible light communication systems. First, when the channel state information (CSI) of eavesdroppers is perfect, two kinds of optimal secure beamformers are, respectively, designed to minimize the transmit power and to maximize the secrecy rate. Moreover, it is shown that the secrecy rate maximization problem can be decomposed into a sequence of convex feasibility problems, which can be efficiently solved by using interior point methods. Second, when the CSI of eavesdroppers is imperfect, an ellipsoidal region model is applied to characterize the CSI uncertainty. This model leads to an infinite number of complicated constraints for the design of robust secure beamformers. By using theS\mathcal {S}S-lemma and semidefinite relaxation, this nonconvex problem is transformed into the convex semidefinite program. Finally, numerical results demonstrate the optimality and robustness of the proposed methods.
Despite offering higher security than radio frequency (RF) channels, the broadcast nature of the visible light communication (VLC) channel makes VLC links inherently susceptible to eavesdropping by unauthorized users. In this work, we consider the physical-layer security of VLC links aided by friendly jamming. The jammer has multiple light sources, but does not have access to the data transmitted. The eavesdropper's reception is degraded by a jamming signal that causes no interference to the legitimate receiver. Due to the limited dynamic range of typical light-emitting diodes (LEDs), both the data and jamming signals are subject to amplitude constraints. Therefore, we begin with deriving a closed-form secrecy rate expression for the corresponding wiretap channel, and adopt secrecy rate as the performance measure. Then, we formulate a linear programming problem to maximize the secrecy rate when the eavesdropper's channel is accurately known to the jammer. Finally, we consider robust beamforming to maximize the worst-case secrecy rate when information about the eavesdropper's channel is uncertain due to location uncertainty. The robust scheme makes use of simple linear programming, making real-time implementation feasible in a variety of real-world scenarios.
This paper investigates a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) visible light communication (VLC) wiretap channel consisting of a transmitter, a legitimate receiver, and an eavesdropper. The optical input is subject to both peak- and average-intensity constraints. By applying the generalized entropy-power inequality to truncated exponential inputs, we derive a novel closed-form expression for the achievable secrecy rate for general MIMO-VLC configurations. To enhance transmission confidentiality, a fully-connected beamforming scheme is proposed, along with a low-complexity sub-connected alternative. Although the resulting beamforming design problems are non-convex, they are efficiently addressed by transforming them into a sequence of convex subproblems solvable via the successive convex approximation framework. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed schemes achieve significant secrecy performance improvements compared with the benchmark scheme.
For simplicity, most works on visible light communications (VLC) neglect the non-line-of-sight (NLoS) channel gain and the inter-symbol interference (ISI). This letter investigates the optimal and robust secure beamforming problems for multiple-input single-output VLC systems, where both the NLoS channel gain and ISI are considered. Under perfect channel state information (CSI), we formulate an optimal beamforming problem to maximize the secrecy rate under amplitude constraints on beamformers. The problem is shown to be nonconvex. We transform it into multiple tractable quasiconvex subproblems, and propose an iterative algorithm to solve it. To be more practical, we then consider the imperfect CSI and design the robust secure beamformers. Numerical results verify the efficiency of the proposed beamforming schemes. Moreover, it is also shown that the NLoS channel gain can improve the secrecy rate and well-designed beamformers can reverse the effect of ISI.