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Wave Electronics and its Application in Information and Telecommunication Systems (WECONF)

Information Transfer by Optical Signals

Oleg D. Moskaletz

Published Jun 1, 2019• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Based on the critical estimation of modern information theory and signal theory, the necessity of developing the physical aspect of signal theory, which is based on an abrupt change in the energy of an optical signal during its formation, is substantiated. It is shown that the inflow of information in time has a quantum nature and is due to the action of the photon production operators. Quantum forms of optical signals were obtained and, based on the methods of communication theory, a transition was made to the classical approximation of an optical signal. The role of the probabilistic nature of quantum processes in the stochastic essence of the optical signal is noted.

DOI
10.1109/weconf.2019.8840611

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Based on the critical estimation of modern information theory and signal theory, the necessity of developing the physical aspect of signal theory, which is based on an abrupt change in the energy of an optical signal during its formation, is substantiated. It is shown that the inflow of information in time has a quantum nature and is due to the action of the photon production operators. Quantum forms of optical signals were obtained and, based on the methods of communication theory, a transition was made to the classical approximation of an optical signal. The role of the probabilistic nature of quantum processes in the stochastic essence of the optical signal is noted.
On the critical evaluation basis of the signals theory it is shown that it is necessary to develop its physical aspect, based on the quantum ideas. Within the framework of the quantum approach, where the energy of radiation changes over time in jump, the existence of frequency-temporal duality of photons is shown and the absence of operator connection between the time and frequency characteristics of the optical signal. The instantaneous power of the optical signal is described by a sequence of delta functions, similar to the sampled signal in the communication theory. Methods of communication theory and properties of photon spin allowed to make the transition to the classical approximation of the optical signal.
The necessity of forming of physical signal theory (ST), whch is adequate to quantum electronics (QE) problems, is substantiated, and its elements are stated. The forming of physical ST is based on ST fundamental postulates, quantum Planck postulate, Einstein hypothesis about light quanta and energy expression of electromagnetic (EM) field in quantum electrodynamics. On the base of this statemet mathematical formulation of quantum Planck postulate is given. This formulation is the basic of exact, quantum description of signal in the form of EM field. A relation between exact, quantum description of signal and its classical approximation is established. Thus fundamental problem of quantum and classical physics join is solved for EM field. Obtained results are applied to spontaneous and monochromatic oscillations description.
Connection between electromagnetic (EM) signals, as quantum systems, which carry the spectroscopic information, and classical description of EM signals on an input of spectrum analyzers, which action is described in the classical form, is established. The physical substantiation of classical methods of signal theory (ST) is given. Forming EM of signals in form EM radiation and in the form of the electric current, caused by incident EM radiation, is considered at quantum level. Transition to classical approach of EM signals is carried out.
Based on the quantum postulates of Planck and Einstein, without the use of quantum formalism, a quantum description of optical signals in the form of discrete sequences of instantaneous power and instantaneous values of the electrical component of optical radiation is proposed. The classical approximation of the quantum representation of optical signals is carried out using the methods of signal theory and communication theory. A quantum description of photodetection of optical signals is proposed, within the framework of which the photocurrent is given in the form of a discrete sequence, and its classical description is carried out.
The rapid development of the digital era and the increasing demands of information technologies create a need to create more reliable, secure and efficient communication systems. In this context, quantum signals represent a technology of the future that responds to the challenges that classical signal systems can no longer cope with — for example, the highest level of information security, accuracy and transmission speed. The use of quantum entanglement, superposition and correlations makes it possible to protect and process information at the highest level. Accordingly, the implementation of quantum signals is critically important for areas such as quantum communication, secure cyberinfrastructure, high-tech sensors and quantum computing systems. The paper reviews the role of quantum signals in modern technologies and their potential in the near future. Quantum signal theory combines the principles of quantum physics, information theory and signal processing. These features provide the highest accuracy in information transmission and processing, which is especially important in the development of quantum communication, quantum radars, and quantum sensors. This paper reviews the theoretical foundations of quantum signals, basic models, and their potential applications in modern technologies.