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Journal of Lightwave Technology

Noise Filtering for Highly Correlated Photon Pairs From Silicon Waveguides

Jong-Moo Lee, Wook‐Jae Lee, Minsu Kim, Jung Jin Ju

Published Sep 19, 2019• 25 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We fabricate silicon waveguide spirals and a ring resonator to generate photon pairs based on a spontaneous four-wave mixing. The coincidence-to-accidental-ratio (CAR) of photon pairs from the silicon waveguides is measured up to 400 after a noise-filtering by using the combination of bandpass filters and pump-rejection filters. The CAR is enhanced up to 700 by adding on-chip pump-rejection MZIs. We observe the CAR of the photon pairs from a silicon spiral is highly depending on the wavelength detuning from the pump wavelength. We discuss the noise sources related to the degradation of the CAR based on our experimental results.

DOI
10.1109/jlt.2019.2942436

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We fabricate silicon waveguide spirals and a ring resonator to generate photon pairs based on a spontaneous four-wave mixing. The coincidence-to-accidental-ratio (CAR) of photon pairs from the silicon waveguides is measured up to 400 after a noise-filtering by using the combination of bandpass filters and pump-rejection filters. The CAR is enhanced up to 700 by adding on-chip pump-rejection MZIs. We observe the CAR of the photon pairs from a silicon spiral is highly depending on the wavelength detuning from the pump wavelength. We discuss the noise sources related to the degradation of the CAR based on our experimental results.
Photon sources are fundamental components for any quantum photonic technology. The ability to generate high count-rate and low-noise correlated photon pairs via spontaneous parametric down-conversion using bulk crystals has been the cornerstone of modern quantum optics. However, future practical quantum technologies will require a scalable integration approach, and waveguide-based photon sources with high-count rate and low-noise characteristics will be an essential part of chip-based quantum technologies. Here, we demonstrate photon pair generation through spontaneous four-wave mixing in a silicon micro-ring resonator, reporting separately a maximum coincidence-to-accidental (CAR) ratio of 602 ± 37 (for a generation rate of 827kHz), and a maximum photon pair generation rate of 123 MHz ± 11 kHz (with a CAR value of 37). To overcome free-carrier related performance degradations we have investigated reverse biased p-i-n structures, demonstrating an improvement in the pair generation rate by a factor of up to 2 with negligible impact on CAR.
.We experimentally study the generation of correlated pairs of photons through four-wave mixing (FWM) in embedded silicon waveguides. The waveguides, which are designed to exhibit anomalous group-velocity dispersion at wavelengths near 1555 nm, allow phase matched FWM and thus efficient pair-wise generation of non-degenerate signal and idler photons. Photon counting measurements yield a coincidence-to-accidental ratio (CAR) of around 25 for a signal (idler) photon production rate of about 0.05 per pulse. We characterize the variation in CAR as a function of pump power and pump-to-sideband wavelength detuning. These measurements represent a first step towards the development of tools for quantum information processing which are based on CMOS-compatible, silicon-on-insulator technology.
We demonstrate a very high coincidence-to-accidental ratio of 673 using continuous-wave photon-pair generation in a silicon strip waveguide through spontaneous four-wave mixing. This result is obtained by employing on-chip photonic-crystal-based grating couplers for both low-loss fiber-to-chip coupling and on-chip suppression of generated spontaneous Raman scattering noise. We measure a minimum heralded second-order correlation of , demonstrating that our source operates in the single-photon regime with low noise.