Quantum blockchain can be understood as a decentralized, encrypted and distributed database based on quantum computation and quantum information theory. Once the data is recorded in the quantum blockchain, it will not be maliciously tampered with. In recent years, the development of quantum computation and quantum information theory makes more and more researchers focus on the research of quantum blockchain. In this paper, we review the developments in the field of quantum blockchain, and briefly analyze its advantages compared with the classical blockchain. The construction and the framework of the quantum blockchain are introduced. Then we introduce the method of applying quantum technology to a certain part of the general blockchain. In addition, the advantages of quantum blockchain compared with classical blockchain and its development prospects are summarized.
Quantum blockchain can be understood as a decentralized, encrypted and distributed database based on quantum computation and quantum information theory. Once the data is recorded in the quantum blockchain, it will not be maliciously tampered with. In recent years, the development of quantum computation and quantum information theory makes more and more researchers focus on the research of quantum blockchain. In this paper, we review the developments in the field of quantum blockchain, and briefly analyze its advantages compared with the classical blockchain. The construction and the framework of the quantum blockchain are introduced. Then we introduce the method of applying quantum technology to a certain part of the general blockchain. In addition, the advantages of quantum blockchain compared with classical blockchain and its development prospects are summarized.
Quantum blockchain is a distributed database that is decentralized, encrypted, and based on quantum information theory and computation. This comes as a result of the recent progress made in quantum computing and the need for quantum equivalents of classical blockchains. Algorithms, frameworks, models, tools, architectures, and databases, of which quantum blockchain is a part, are still being standardized. Recently, the growth of quantum information theory and computation has resulted in a rise in the number of research ongoing in this domain. This chapter presents an insight into quantum blockchain using the PRISMA technique with results registered and analyzed. The literature is analyzed based on some parameters or categorizations accompanied by graphical and tabular representations.
Using blockchain technology and quantum computing together is a burgeoning area of research that has the potential to revolutionize data storage and processing. Although blockchain technology has already significantly advanced in decentralized data storage and secure transactions, traditional computing methods must improve speed, scalability, and security. However, with the development of quantum computing, these limitations may soon be outdated. By leveraging optimization algorithms, quantum computing can accelerate the mining of new blocks on the blockchain. This, in turn, can improve the overall performance of blockchain networks and enable more efficient transactions. Furthermore, quantum computing can strengthen blockchain security by enhancing cryptographic protocols and preventing attacks on the network. Additionally, quantum computing can optimize complex mathematical calculations necessary for blockchain applications. In this paper, we will explore the various potential applications of the quantum blockchain technology in healthcare, and the current state of research and development in this field. In addition, we will discuss the challenges that must be overcome to utilize this technology fully. We aim to stimulate further research and innovation in this emerging field by shedding more light on it.
As a popular decentralized and distributed database exhibiting transparency and unforgeability, blockchain has received widespread attention. At the time of writing, its security hinges on classical cryptography, which maintains a high grade of security by exploiting the potentially excessive computational complexity of mathematical problems to be solved by state-of-the-art computers. However, as computational technology develops, this encryption philosophy is likely to be challenged and there is a risk of ’store now and decrypt later’ attacks. A compelling solution to this security threat is to intrinsically integrate blockchain with quantum technology. Against this background, we propose a quantum blockchain scheme relying on quantum secure direct communication (QSDC). Specifically, we conceive QSDC-based blockchain for identity verification, message encryption, and consensus. We also propose an optical network based realization of the proposed QSDC-aided blockchain using present-day technology. Our simulations quantify the benefits of the scheme, especially in terms of its resource utilization. This work provides a new prospect for the intrinsic fusion of quantum information technology and blockchain technology, paving the way for its rapid commercialization.
Abstract Blockchain technology is a highly developed database system that shares information within a business web. It stores details in blocks connected chronologically, ensuring information integrity through consensus mechanisms that prevent unauthorised alterations. This decentralised system removes the need for a believable mediator, mitigating vulnerabilities and enhancing transaction security. Blockchain’s application spans the energy, finance, media, entertainment, and retail sectors. However, classical blockchain faces threats from quantum computing advancements, necessitating the development of quantum blockchain technology. Quantum blockchain, leveraging quantum computation and information theory, offers enhanced security and immutability. In this paper, different mathematical foundations, practical implementations and effectiveness of lattice‐based cryptography in securing blockchain applications are discussed. Analysis of how the cryptographic techniques can protect blockchain systems against quantum attacks is being done by using mathematical formulations and examples. Quantum computing strengthens blockchain security with advanced encryption and authentication, which is critical for safeguarding diverse sectors from evolving cyber threats. Further study on quantum‐resistant design is necessary if blockchain networks are to be robust and intact in the face of future technological developments.
Data security is an essential attribute of all the domains of computing, including quantum computing (QC). To secure the data, blockchain (BC) blockchain (BC) technology has shown promising results. Quantum algorithms when embedded with BC for securing the data stored on data centers, cloud, and system has shown promising results. The prime advantage of quantum BC is that it makes tampering of BC impossible. Quantum BC will handle the security issues effectively, persist to quantum computers and current BC framework using quantum protocols and quantum resistant technologies. This chapter provides a comprehensive perspective on (i) integrating conventional BC frameworks with quantum computer; (ii) the long-term viability of BC technology with quantum computing to secure data; (iii) solutions offered by quantum BC to the vulnerabilities encountered by classical BC system to enhance efficiency, scalability, and security; (iv) discuss some distinct approaches for evaluation of the effectiveness of BC consensus mechanisms in the presence of quantum computing; and (v) quantum threats and how quantum-safe BC mitigates them are discussed. In addition to these, the future prospects of research in the domain of QC and BC are given.