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AIP conference proceedings

Higher order nonclassicality in single photon added and subtracted binomial state of light

Kathakali Mandal, Amit Verma

Published Jan 1, 2019• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In the recent years, effect of photon addition and subtraction to a quantum state of light is explored for coherent state, thermal state, Schrödinger cat state, Gaussian state and many more. It is reported that the phenomena of photon addition or subtraction significantly affect nonclassical properties of the states of light. Here we wish to study the effect of photon addition and subtraction to the binomial start of radiation on the nonclassical properties of the state. We observed that the depth of nonclassicality increases with photon addition and decreases with photon subtraction in antibunching and squeezing phenomenon. We also report significant changes in photon number distribution and variable with depending parameters.

DOI
10.1063/1.5120945

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In the recent years, effect of photon addition and subtraction to a quantum state of light is explored for coherent state, thermal state, Schrödinger cat state, Gaussian state and many more. It is reported that the phenomena of photon addition or subtraction significantly affect nonclassical properties of the states of light. Here we wish to study the effect of photon addition and subtraction to the binomial start of radiation on the nonclassical properties of the state. We observed that the depth of nonclassicality increases with photon addition and decreases with photon subtraction in antibunching and squeezing phenomenon. We also report significant changes in photon number distribution and variable with depending parameters.
Abstract Nonclassical properties of photon added and subtracted displaced Fock states are studied using various witnesses of lower‐ and higher‐order nonclassicality. Compact analytic expressions are obtained for the nonclassicality witnesses. Using those expressions, it is established that these states and the states that can be obtained as their limiting cases (except coherent states) are highly nonclassical as they show the existence of lower‐ and higher‐order antibunching and sub‐Poissonian photon statistics, in addition to the nonclassical features revealed through the Mandel parameter, zeros of Q function, Klyshko's criterion, and Agarwal–Tara criterion. Further, some comparison between the nonclassicality of photon added and subtracted displaced Fock states have been performed using witnesses of nonclassicality. This has established that between the two types of non‐Gaussianity inducing operations (i.e., photon addition and subtraction) used here, photon addition influences the nonclassical properties more strongly. Further, optical designs for the generation of photon added and subtracted displaced Fock states from squeezed vacuum state have also been proposed.
Abstract In this paper, we aim to introduce a new state called photon-subtracted-then-added squeezing-enhanced coherent state (PSASECS) by multiple photon subtraction and then addition to a squeezing-enhanced coherent state. We investigate the non-Gaussianity and nonclassicality of this new state in detail, including its Wigner function, sub-Poissonian statistics, Q -function, squeezing, and antibunching properties. The obtained results indicate that these non-Gaussian and nonclassical characteristics have been enhanced by appropriately changing between photon subtraction l and photon addition k . Additionally, the non-Gaussianity and nonclassicality of PSASECS are enhanced compared to cases involving only the addition or subtraction of photons. This demonstrates the importance of subtracting and then adding photons to the squeezing-enhanced coherent state, and introducing a significant state for application in quantum optics, particularly in mitigating phase noise fluctuations in quantum devices.
Photon addition and subtraction are well-known to render Gaussian states non Gaussian. We evaluate how their optical nonclassicality is affected by the photon addition/subtraction process. It is known that photon addition always transforms a Gaussian state into a nonclassical state. We show that photon subtraction transforms classical states into classical ones and nonclassical ones into nonclassical ones. For a quantitative analysis of the resulting nonclassicality, we use a recently introduced nonclassicality witness, the quadrature coherence scale, and compute the relative nonclassicality gain of the single-photon added/subtracted Gaussian states with respect to the original Gaussian states. For arbitrary single-mode Gaussian states, we show that this relative gain can be substantial in both cases. Whereas the gain is always higher for photon-added states, it is only slightly so for a large parameter range and in particular in the limit of high squeezing, where both gains are identical. We also analyze the Wigner negative volume of the photon-added/subtracted states. Whereas photon-added Gaussian states are never Wigner positive, we show that single-mode photon-subtracted states are Wigner positive if and only if they are weakly nonclassical or classical. Our analysis relies on explicit and general expressions for the characteristic and Wigner functions of photon added/subtracted multi-mode Gaussian states that we obtain simply.
Abstract Higher‐order nonclassical properties of r photon added and t photon subtracted qudit states (referred to as rPAQS and tPSQS, respectively) are investigated here to answer: How addition and subtraction of photon can be used to engineer higher‐order nonclassical properties of qudit states? To obtain the answer, higher‐order moment of relevant bosonic field operators is first obtained and subsequently used to study the higher‐order nonclassical properties (e.g., higher‐order antibunching, higher‐order squeezing, and higher‐order sub‐Poissonian photon statistics) of the corresponding states. These witnesses establish that rPAQS and tPSQS are highly nonclassical. To quantitatively establish this observation and to make a comparison between rPAQS and tPSQS, volumes of the negative part of Wigner function are computed. Finally, for the sake of verifiability of the obtained results, optical tomograms are also reported. Throughout the study, a particular type of qudit state named as a new generalized binomial state is used as an example.
Abstract We theoretically analyze the nonclassicality and entanglement of two new non-Gaussian entangled states generated by applying multiple-photon addition and subtraction to a two-mode binomial state. The nonclassical properties are investigated in terms of the partial negativity of the Wigner functions, whose results show that their nonclassicality can be enhanced via one-mode even-number photon operations and two-mode symmetrical operations for the initial two-mode binomial state. We also find that there exists some enhancement in the entanglement properties in certain parameter ranges via one-mode photon-addition and two-mode symmetrical operations .
In this paper, we study some higher-order nonclassical properties of the superposition of three-mode photon-added trio coherent state such as antibunching, squeezing, and entanglement. The results show that in the case with fixed the higher-order, when increasing the numbers of added photons, the manifestation of the higher-order three-mode sum squeezing is more obvious, but the degrees of higher-order antibunching, and higher-order three-mode entanglement are more reduced. Besides, with fixed the numbers of photon addition to the superposition of three-mode photon-added trio coherent state, the higher-order nonclassical properties as antibunching and entanglement are more pronounced, but three-mode sum squeezing is more decreased when increasing the number of the higher-order.