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Laser Physics Letters

Optical localization of a single atom in three-dimensional space based on double-channel interaction

Chunling Ding, Xiangying Hao, Rui‐Bo Jin, Duo Zhang, Jiahua Li

Published Aug 2, 2019• 4 citations

Abstract

Abstract The actual location of an atom in three-dimensional (3D) space is described by spatial-dependent atom-field interaction, which has potential applications in many fields, including optical imaging techniques, 3D nanolithograghy, Bose–Einstein condensation, and dual-measurement of center-of-mass wave function. Here, we propose a scheme to realize single atom localization in 3D space based on double-channel interactions. By exploiting the property of the spontaneously emitted photon, high-precision 3D atom localization, such as sphere-like pattern, ellipsoid-like pattern, funnel-like pattern, and ring-like structure can be achieved. These localization phenomena are the consequence of the quantum interference among multiple decay pathways. Furthermore, we show that with the system parameters specifically tuned, a high degree of localization of atom is enabled in a sub-wavelength range. Different from other 3D schemes, our proposed system is more robust under the influence of double-channel interactions. Our findings could be instructive for understanding the localization mechanisms in such a system with competitive decay channels.

DOI: 10.1088/1612-202x/ab3454

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The high-precision position measurement scheme of a single atom in two-dimensions and three-dimensions is investigated in a four-level tripod-type system. The atom interacts with the two orthogonal standing wave fields (OSWFs) and three OSWFs for two- and three-dimensional (2D, 3D) atom localization. The high-precision position of the atom is observed by adjusting the suitable system parameters. We achieve a high-precision single localized peak in the 2D plane and a single localized sphere smaller than the cubic optical wavelength in 3D volume space. We also see the impact of the Doppler shift on atom localization in 2D and 3D. We show that the Doppler shift dramatically deteriorates the precision of spatial information. The proposed high-precision atom localization scheme has applications in laser cooling and Bose–Einstein condensation phenomena.