Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

IEEE International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC)

Interleaver-Aided Successive Cancellation Flip Decoding Algorithm for Polar Codes

Haseong Kim, Hyunjee Lee, Hosung Park

Published Dec 1, 2018• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

When the code length is finite, the successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding of polar codes shows as good error-correction performance as low-density parity-check codes and turbo codes and it will be used in high-speed communications. However, since the hardware complexity of the SCL increases linearly as the size of the list increases, it is difficult to use the high-complexity SCL decoding for devices with limited resource such as IoT devices. The successive cancellation flip (SCF) decoding algorithm has been proposed to solve the problem of high hardware complexity and to enhance the error-correction performance of successive cancellation decoding. However, the conventional SCF decoding has high computational complexity. In this paper, we propose the interleaver-aided successive cancellation flip (ISCF) decoding to reduce the computational complexity. The computational complexity of the ISCF decoding is less by at least 32% than the conventional SCF decoding for error frame at Eb/N0=3.5dB.

DOI
10.1109/compcomm.2018.8780602

Related papers

A Low-Latency Successive Cancellation Hybrid Decoder for Convolutional Polar Codes

Yu Wang, Shikai Qiu, Lirui Chen +4 more

By adopting successive cancellation list decoding (SCL), polar codes demonstrate competitive error correction performance over LDPC and Turbo codes. However, SCL decoding suffers from high computational complexity and long decoding latency, especially when the list size is very large. Successive cancellation flip (SCF), as another decoding algorithm that can achieve high error correction performance, has a complexity that is close to that of successive cancellation (SC) decoding. With the observation that SCL and SCF decoding are similar at giving more chances to inspect possible codewords simultaneously or sequentially, a novel hybrid decoder is proposed in this paper, which essentially combines the ideas of SCF and SCL decoders. Moreover, in order to compensate for the degradation of performance caused by the reduction of path splitting and further reduce the decoding latency, the convolutional polar codes are adopted with a designed bit-flipping set. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed decoder achieves the reduction of decoding latency while attaining better performance than conventional CRC-aided SCL decoder.

IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing•Apr 9, 2020•1 citation

Improved Parity Check Aided Successive Cancellation Flip Polar Decoders

Dwaipayan Ghosh, Sudipta Chattopadhyay

Polar Codes achieve average error correction performance at finite code lengths, when decoded using Successive Cancellation (SC) decoding. Successive Cancellation Flip (SC-Flip) based decoders provide a viable low complexity substitute of the high performing high complexity Successive Cancellation List (SCL) decoders, providing a considerable improvement in the performance. A novel approach to identify and flip multiple erroneous bits in each decoding attempt has been aimed in this paper. Moreover, a faster version of the proposed decoder is also presented, which provides better performance throughout the entire decoding range. The performance of the proposed decoders have been evaluated with respect to frame error correction rate along with average normalized complexity and then compared with some of the existing works for validating the outperformance.

International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Computing, Communication and Sustainable Technologies (ICAECT)•Jan 11, 2024•1 citation

An Error Segment Bit-Flip Algorithm for Successive Cancellation List Decoding of Polar Codes

Jing Zhang, Hongbing Qiu, Ling Zhan +1 more

Polar codes have garnered significant attention since they were proposed due to their capacity-achieving properties and their low-complexity decoding process, and they were selected as the coding scheme for the control channel in 5G mobile communication technology. A successive cancellation list (SCL) decoder, aided by a cyclic redundancy check (CRC), performs the competitive error correcting performance for polar codes compared to other sophisticated codes. The SCL-Flip decoding algorithm is proposed to enhance the error correction performance of the SCL. However, the SCL-Flip is hampered by a high decoding complexity due to the necessary selection and sorting process of path metrics (PMs). Additionally, it requires a large number of iterations to achieve a good error correction performance. In this paper, we propose the error segment bit-flip (ES-SCL-Flip) decoding algorithm, a simplified bit-flip approach for the SCL decoder based on analyzing the distributions of the first error bit. Firstly, we construct an index set with a high probability of the first erroneous bit. Second, a bit-flip criterion is introduced to prevent the costly operation of the PM selection and sorting without compromising the error correction performance. Finally, a search strategy is employed that utilizes segmented error indication to target and rectify the initial error segment sequentially. The simulation results demonstrate that the ES-SCL-Flip decoder provides an improved error correction performance with only a minimal increase in decoding complexity compared to the conventional CRC-aided SCL decoder. This algorithm attains a commendable equilibrium between the error correction performance and decoding complexity.

Mathematics•Jul 2, 2024•1 citation

An Improved Bit-Flipping Algorithm of Successive Cancellation List Decoding for Polar Codes

Desheng Wang, Jihang Yin, Yonggang Xu +3 more

Polar codes, as the coding scheme for the control channel in fifth-generation mobile communication technology (5G), have attracted widespread attention since their proposal. As a mainstream decoding algorithm for polar codes, the successive cancellation list (SCL) decoder usually improves the error correction performance by increasing the list size, but this method suffers from the problems of high decoding complexity. To address this problem, this paper proposes a layered-search bit-flipping (LS-SCLF) decoding algorithm based on SCL decoding. Firstly, a new flip-bit metric is proposed, which derives a formula to approximate the probability of an error occurring in an information bit. This formula introduces a perturbation parameter to improve the calculation accuracy. Secondly, a compromise scheme for determining the perturbation parameter is proposed. The scheme uses Monte Carlo simulation to determine an optimized parameter for the precise positioning of the first erroneous decoded bit under different decoding conditions. Finally, a layered search strategy is adopted to sequentially search the erroneous decoded bits from the low order to high order, which can correct up to multiple bits at the same time. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves improved error correction performance with a slight increase in decoding complexity compared to the generalized SCL-Flip (GSCLF) decoding algorithm. This algorithm also achieves a good balance between the error correction performance and decoding complexity.

Mathematics•Oct 27, 2023•2 citations

Successive-Cancellation Flip Decoding of Polar Codes with a Simplified Restart Mechanism

Ilshat Sagitov, Charles Pillet, Alexios Balatsoukas‐Stimming +1 more

Polar codes are a class of error-correcting codes that provably achieve the capacity of practical channels. The successive-cancellation flip (SCF) decoder is a low-complexity decoder that was proposed to improve the performance of the successive-cancellation (SC) decoder as an alternative to the high-complexity successive-cancellation list (SCL) decoder. The SCF decoder improves the error-correction performance of the SC decoder, but the variable execution time and the high worst-case execution time pose a challenge for the realization of receivers with fixed-time algorithms. The dynamic SCF (DSCF) variation of the SCF decoder further improves the error-correction performance but the challenge of decoding delay remains. In this work, we propose a simplified restart mechanism (SRM) that reduces the execution time of SCF and DSCF decoders through conditional restart of the additional trials from the second half of the codeword. We show that the proposed mechanism is able to improve the execution time characteristics of SCF and DSCF decoders while providing identical error-correction performance. For a DSCF decoder that can flip up to 3 simultaneous bits per decoding trial, the average execution time, the average additional execution time and the execution-time variance are reduced by approximately 31%, 37% and 57%, respectively. For this setup, the mechanism requires approximately 3.9% additional memory.

arXiv:2303.01561•IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference•Mar 1, 2023•4 citations

Balanced Low-Complexity and Flexible Error-Correction List Flip Decoding for Polar Codes

Yansong Lv, Dai, Jingxin, Wang, Yuhuan +2 more

Benefiting from performance advantages under short code lengths, polar codes are well-suited for certain scenarios, such as the future Internet of Things (IoT) applications that require high reliability and low power. Existing list flip decoders can efficiently further enhance the error-correction performance of polar codes with finite code lengths, particularly the dynamic successive cancellation list flip (D-SCLF) decoder with flexible high-order error-correction capability (FHECC). However, to the best of our knowledge, current list flip decoders cannot effectively balance complexity and error-correction efficiency. To address this, we propose a parity-check-aided D-SCLF (PC-DSCLF) decoder. This decoder, based on FHECC and the characteristics of the list flip decoding process, introduces a simplified flip metric and a hybrid check scheme, along with a decoding method that supports the check scheme, enabling it to retain FHECC while achieving low complexity. Simulation results show that the proposed PC-DSCLF decoder achieves up to a 51.1\% average complexity reduction compared to the D-SCLF algorithm with distributed CRC for $PC(512, 256+24)$

arXiv:2303.12609•Mar 22, 2023•0 citations
When the code length is finite, the successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding of polar codes shows as good error-correction performance as low-density parity-check codes and turbo codes and it will be used in high-speed communications. However, since the hardware complexity of the SCL increases linearly as the size of the list increases, it is difficult to use the high-complexity SCL decoding for devices with limited resource such as IoT devices. The successive cancellation flip (SCF) decoding algorithm has been proposed to solve the problem of high hardware complexity and to enhance the error-correction performance of successive cancellation decoding. However, the conventional SCF decoding has high computational complexity. In this paper, we propose the interleaver-aided successive cancellation flip (ISCF) decoding to reduce the computational complexity. The computational complexity of the ISCF decoding is less by at least 32% than the conventional SCF decoding for error frame at Eb/N0=3.5dB.
By adopting successive cancellation list decoding (SCL), polar codes demonstrate competitive error correction performance over LDPC and Turbo codes. However, SCL decoding suffers from high computational complexity and long decoding latency, especially when the list size is very large. Successive cancellation flip (SCF), as another decoding algorithm that can achieve high error correction performance, has a complexity that is close to that of successive cancellation (SC) decoding. With the observation that SCL and SCF decoding are similar at giving more chances to inspect possible codewords simultaneously or sequentially, a novel hybrid decoder is proposed in this paper, which essentially combines the ideas of SCF and SCL decoders. Moreover, in order to compensate for the degradation of performance caused by the reduction of path splitting and further reduce the decoding latency, the convolutional polar codes are adopted with a designed bit-flipping set. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed decoder achieves the reduction of decoding latency while attaining better performance than conventional CRC-aided SCL decoder.
Polar Codes achieve average error correction performance at finite code lengths, when decoded using Successive Cancellation (SC) decoding. Successive Cancellation Flip (SC-Flip) based decoders provide a viable low complexity substitute of the high performing high complexity Successive Cancellation List (SCL) decoders, providing a considerable improvement in the performance. A novel approach to identify and flip multiple erroneous bits in each decoding attempt has been aimed in this paper. Moreover, a faster version of the proposed decoder is also presented, which provides better performance throughout the entire decoding range. The performance of the proposed decoders have been evaluated with respect to frame error correction rate along with average normalized complexity and then compared with some of the existing works for validating the outperformance.
Polar codes have garnered significant attention since they were proposed due to their capacity-achieving properties and their low-complexity decoding process, and they were selected as the coding scheme for the control channel in 5G mobile communication technology. A successive cancellation list (SCL) decoder, aided by a cyclic redundancy check (CRC), performs the competitive error correcting performance for polar codes compared to other sophisticated codes. The SCL-Flip decoding algorithm is proposed to enhance the error correction performance of the SCL. However, the SCL-Flip is hampered by a high decoding complexity due to the necessary selection and sorting process of path metrics (PMs). Additionally, it requires a large number of iterations to achieve a good error correction performance. In this paper, we propose the error segment bit-flip (ES-SCL-Flip) decoding algorithm, a simplified bit-flip approach for the SCL decoder based on analyzing the distributions of the first error bit. Firstly, we construct an index set with a high probability of the first erroneous bit. Second, a bit-flip criterion is introduced to prevent the costly operation of the PM selection and sorting without compromising the error correction performance. Finally, a search strategy is employed that utilizes segmented error indication to target and rectify the initial error segment sequentially. The simulation results demonstrate that the ES-SCL-Flip decoder provides an improved error correction performance with only a minimal increase in decoding complexity compared to the conventional CRC-aided SCL decoder. This algorithm attains a commendable equilibrium between the error correction performance and decoding complexity.
Polar codes, as the coding scheme for the control channel in fifth-generation mobile communication technology (5G), have attracted widespread attention since their proposal. As a mainstream decoding algorithm for polar codes, the successive cancellation list (SCL) decoder usually improves the error correction performance by increasing the list size, but this method suffers from the problems of high decoding complexity. To address this problem, this paper proposes a layered-search bit-flipping (LS-SCLF) decoding algorithm based on SCL decoding. Firstly, a new flip-bit metric is proposed, which derives a formula to approximate the probability of an error occurring in an information bit. This formula introduces a perturbation parameter to improve the calculation accuracy. Secondly, a compromise scheme for determining the perturbation parameter is proposed. The scheme uses Monte Carlo simulation to determine an optimized parameter for the precise positioning of the first erroneous decoded bit under different decoding conditions. Finally, a layered search strategy is adopted to sequentially search the erroneous decoded bits from the low order to high order, which can correct up to multiple bits at the same time. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves improved error correction performance with a slight increase in decoding complexity compared to the generalized SCL-Flip (GSCLF) decoding algorithm. This algorithm also achieves a good balance between the error correction performance and decoding complexity.
Polar codes are a class of error-correcting codes that provably achieve the capacity of practical channels. The successive-cancellation flip (SCF) decoder is a low-complexity decoder that was proposed to improve the performance of the successive-cancellation (SC) decoder as an alternative to the high-complexity successive-cancellation list (SCL) decoder. The SCF decoder improves the error-correction performance of the SC decoder, but the variable execution time and the high worst-case execution time pose a challenge for the realization of receivers with fixed-time algorithms. The dynamic SCF (DSCF) variation of the SCF decoder further improves the error-correction performance but the challenge of decoding delay remains. In this work, we propose a simplified restart mechanism (SRM) that reduces the execution time of SCF and DSCF decoders through conditional restart of the additional trials from the second half of the codeword. We show that the proposed mechanism is able to improve the execution time characteristics of SCF and DSCF decoders while providing identical error-correction performance. For a DSCF decoder that can flip up to 3 simultaneous bits per decoding trial, the average execution time, the average additional execution time and the execution-time variance are reduced by approximately 31%, 37% and 57%, respectively. For this setup, the mechanism requires approximately 3.9% additional memory.
Benefiting from performance advantages under short code lengths, polar codes are well-suited for certain scenarios, such as the future Internet of Things (IoT) applications that require high reliability and low power. Existing list flip decoders can efficiently further enhance the error-correction performance of polar codes with finite code lengths, particularly the dynamic successive cancellation list flip (D-SCLF) decoder with flexible high-order error-correction capability (FHECC). However, to the best of our knowledge, current list flip decoders cannot effectively balance complexity and error-correction efficiency. To address this, we propose a parity-check-aided D-SCLF (PC-DSCLF) decoder. This decoder, based on FHECC and the characteristics of the list flip decoding process, introduces a simplified flip metric and a hybrid check scheme, along with a decoding method that supports the check scheme, enabling it to retain FHECC while achieving low complexity. Simulation results show that the proposed PC-DSCLF decoder achieves up to a 51.1\% average complexity reduction compared to the D-SCLF algorithm with distributed CRC for PC(512,256+24)PC(512, 256+24)PC(512,256+24)