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Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging

Towards high-capacity quantum communications by combining wavelength- and time-division multiplexing technologies

Li Xin Xu, LI Yinhai, Zhi‐Yuan Zhou, Bao‐Sen Shi, Wentan Fang

Published Sep 18, 2018• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In this work, by combining the wavelength- and time-division multiplexing technologies, we demonstrate a multiplexing time-bin entangled photon pair source based on a silicon nanowire waveguide and distribute entangled photons into 3(time) × 14(wavelength) channels independently. The indistinguishability of photon pairs in each time channel is confirmed by a fourfold Hong-Ou-Mandal quantum interference.

DOI
10.1117/12.2319657

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In this work, by combining the wavelength- and time-division multiplexing technologies, we demonstrate a multiplexing time-bin entangled photon pair source based on a silicon nanowire waveguide and distribute entangled photons into 3(time) × 14(wavelength) channels independently. The indistinguishability of photon pairs in each time channel is confirmed by a fourfold Hong-Ou-Mandal quantum interference.
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Optical communication systems are able to send the information from one user to another in light beams that travel through the free space or optical fibers, therefore how to send larger amounts of information in smaller periods of time is a long term concern, one promising way is to use multiplexing of photon's different degrees of freedoms to parallel handle the large amounts of information in multiple channels independently. In this work, by combining the wavelength and time division multiplexing technologies, we prepare a multifrequency mode time bin entangled photon pair source at different time slots by using four wave mixing in a silicon nanowire waveguide, and distribute entangled photons into 3 time by 14 wavelength channels independently, which can significantly increase the bit rate compared with the single channel systems in quantum communication. Our work paves a new and promising way to achieve a high capacity quantum communication and to generate a multiple photon nonclassical state.
The silicon-on-insulator waveguide is one of the most promising platforms for scalable quantum information processing. The authors present multiplexed energy-time, time-bin, and polarization-entanglement photon sources from a single silicon nanowire on a chip. These sources offer high brightness and high entanglement quality across more than 10 correlated channels, and are fully compatible with dense-wave-division multiplexing (DWDM). They could be used for quantum key distribution, teleportation, entanglement swapping, and many other applications in quantum communication and computation.
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The ultimate goal of quantum information science is to build a global quantum network, which enables quantum resources to be distributed and shared between remote parties. Such a quantum network can be realized using only fiber elements, thus deriving the advantages of low transmission loss, low cost, scalability, and integrability through mature fiber communication techniques such as dense wavelength division multiplexing. Hence high-quality entangled-photon sources based on fibers are in high demand. Here we report multiplexed polarization- and time-bin-entangled photon-pair sources based on the dispersion-shifted fiber operating at room temperature. The associated high quality of entanglement is characterized using interference, Bell's inequality, and quantum state tomography. The simultaneous presence of both types of entanglement in multichannel pairs of a 100-GHz dense wavelength division multiplexing device indicates a great capacity in distributing entangled photons over multiple users. Our design provides a versatile platform and takes a big step toward constructing an all-fiber quantum network.
Entangled photon pairs based on silicon straight waveguides have been applied in the area of quantum information owing to the compactness of the devices and high nonlinearity of the silicon material. In order to fully take advantage of the broad emission spectrum of photon pairs for quantum-key-distribution, dense wavelength division multiplexer (DWDM) is often required. However, the relationship between the channel bandwidth of DWDM and the two-photon interference visibility remains unambiguous, in which the high visibility of quantum interference fundamentally reduces quantum bit error rate in quantum-key-distribution system. In this paper, time-bin entangled photon pairs with a raw visibility of 94.3% ± 3.3% are generated in a silicon chip with a channel bandwidth of 0.1 nm, showing a violation of Bell’s inequality by more than three standard deviations, and a fidelity of 0.942 ± 0.02 is obtained by quantum state tomography. Applying variable channel bandwidths, the corresponding two-photon interference visibilities are measured, fitting well with the theoretical model incorporating multiple parameters such as optical loss, dark count probability, and averaged photon-pair number in DWDM channel.