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New Journal of Physics

Nonlocal Hanbury–Brown–Twiss interferometry and entanglement generation from Majorana bound states

Sougato Bose, Pasquale Sodano

Published Aug 3, 2011• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show that a one-dimensional device supporting a pair of Majorana bound states (MBS) at its ends can produce remarkable Hanbury–Brown–Twiss-like interference effects between well-separated Dirac fermions of pertinent energies. We find that the simultaneous scattering of two incoming electrons or two incoming holes from the MBS leads exclusively to an electron–hole final state. This 'anti-bunching' in electron–hole internal pseudospin space can be detected through current–current correlations. Further, we show that, by scattering appropriate spin-polarized electrons from the MBS, one can engineer a non-local entangler of electronic spins for quantum information applications. Both the above phenomena should be observable in diverse physical systems enabling us to detect the presence of low-energy Majorana modes.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/13/8/085002

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We show that a one-dimensional device supporting a pair of Majorana bound states (MBS) at its ends can produce remarkable Hanbury–Brown–Twiss-like interference effects between well-separated Dirac fermions of pertinent energies. We find that the simultaneous scattering of two incoming electrons or two incoming holes from the MBS leads exclusively to an electron–hole final state. This 'anti-bunching' in electron–hole internal pseudospin space can be detected through current–current correlations. Further, we show that, by scattering appropriate spin-polarized electrons from the MBS, one can engineer a non-local entangler of electronic spins for quantum information applications. Both the above phenomena should be observable in diverse physical systems enabling us to detect the presence of low-energy Majorana modes.
We show that a one dimensional device supporting a pair of Majorana bound states at its ends can produce remarkable Hanbury-Brown Twiss like interference effects between well separated Dirac fermions of pertinent energies. We find that the simultaneous scattering of two incoming electrons or two incoming holes from the Majorana bound states leads exclusively to an electron-hole final state. This "anti-bunching" in electron-hole internal pseudospin space can be detected through current-current correlations. Further, we show that, by scattering appropriate spin polarized electrons from the Majorana bound states, one can engineer a non-local entangler of electronic spins for quantum information applications. Both the above phenomena should be observable in diverse physical systems enabling to detect the presence of low energy Majorana modes.
We show that a one dimensional device supporting a pair of Majorana bound states at its ends can produce remarkable Hanbury-Brown Twiss like interference effects between well separated Dirac fermions of pertinent energies. We find that the simultaneous scattering of two incoming electrons or two incoming holes from the Majorana bound states leads exclusively to an electron-hole final state. This anti-bunching in electron-hole internal pseudospin space can be detected through current-current correlations. Further, we show that, by scattering appropriate spin polarized electrons from the Majorana bound states, one can engineer a non-local entangler of electronic spins for quantum information applications. Both the above phenomena should be observable in diverse physical systems enabling to detect the presence of low energy Majorana modes.
Two-particle Hanbury Brown--Twiss interferometry with chiral Majorana modes produces maximally entangled electron-hole pairs. We promote the electron-hole quantum number to an interferometric degree of freedom and complete the set of linear tools for single- and two-particle interferometry by introducing a key phase gate that, combined with a Mach-Zehnder, allows full electron-hole rotations. By considering entanglement witnesses built on current cross-correlation measurements, we find that the possibility of independent local-channel rotations in the electron-hole subspace leads to a significant boost of the entanglement detection power.
We present a study of a Hanbury Brown-Twiss interferometer realized with anyons. Such a device can directly probe entanglement and fractional statistics of initially uncorrelated particles. We calculate Hanbury Brown-Twiss cross correlations of Abelian Laughlin anyons. The correlations we calculate exhibit partial bunching similar to bosons, indicating a substantial statistical transmutation from the underlying electronic degrees of freedom. We also find qualitative differences between the anyonic signal and the corresponding bosonic or fermionic signals, indicating that anyons cannot be simply thought of as intermediate between bosons and fermions.
We analyze a Hanbury Brown-Twiss geometry in which particles are injected from two independent sources into a mesoscopic conductor in the quantum Hall regime. All partial waves end in different reservoirs without generating any single-particle interference; in particular, there is no single-particle Aharonov-Bohm effect. However, exchange effects lead to two-particle Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in the zero-frequency current cross correlations. We demonstrate that this is related to two-particle orbital entanglement, detected via violation of a Bell inequality. The transport is along edge states and only adiabatic quantum point contacts and normal reservoirs are employed.
Majorana fermions (MFs) are exotic particles that are their own anti-particles. Recently, the search for the MFs occurring as quasi-particle excitations in solid-state systems has attracted widespread interest, because of their fundamental importance in fundamental physics and potential applications in topological quantum computation based on solid-state devices. Here we study the quantum correlations between two spatially separate quantum dots induced by a pair of MFs emerging at the two ends of a semiconductor nanowire, in order to develop a new method for probing the MFs. We find that without the tunnel coupling between these paired MFs, quantum entanglement cannot be induced from an unentangled (i.e., product) state, but quantum discord is observed due to the intrinsic nonlocal correlations of the paired MFs. This finding reveals that quantum discord can indeed demonstrate the intrinsic non-locality of the MFs formed in the nanowire. Also, quantum discord can be employed to discriminate the MFs from the regular fermions. Furthermore, we propose an experimental setup to measure the onset of quantum discord due to the nonlocal correlations. Our approach provides a new, and experimentally accessible, method to study the Majorana bound states by probing their intrinsic non-locality signature.