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AIP conference proceedings

Quantum Abraham models with de Broglie-Bohm laws of electron motion

Michael K.‐H. Kiessling

Published Jan 1, 2006• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We discuss a class of quantum Abraham models in which the N‐particle spinor wave function of N electrons solves a Pauli respectively Schrödinger equation, featuring regularized classical electromagnetic potentials which solve the semi‐relativistic Maxwell‐Lorentz equations for regularized point charges, which move according to some de Broglie‐Bohm law of quantum motion. Thus there is a feedback loop from the actual particle motions to the wave function. The electrons have a bare charge and positive bare mass different from their empirical charge and mass due to renormalization by the self‐fields. In the classical limit the various models reduce to the Hamilton‐Jacobi version of corresponding Abraham models of classical electron theory.

DOI
10.1063/1.2219364

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We discuss a class of quantum Abraham models in which the N‐particle spinor wave function of N electrons solves a Pauli respectively Schrödinger equation, featuring regularized classical electromagnetic potentials which solve the semi‐relativistic Maxwell‐Lorentz equations for regularized point charges, which move according to some de Broglie‐Bohm law of quantum motion. Thus there is a feedback loop from the actual particle motions to the wave function. The electrons have a bare charge and positive bare mass different from their empirical charge and mass due to renormalization by the self‐fields. In the classical limit the various models reduce to the Hamilton‐Jacobi version of corresponding Abraham models of classical electron theory.
We discuss a class of quantum Abraham models in which the N-particle spinor wave function of N electrons solves a Pauli respectively Schroedinger equation, featuring regularized classical electromagnetic potentials which solve the semi-relativistic Maxwell-Lorentz equations for regularized point charges, which move according to some de Broglie-Bohm law of quantum motion. Thus there is a feedback loop from the actual particle motions to the wave function. The electrons have a bare charge and positive bare mass different from their empirical charge and mass due to renormalization by the self-fields. In the classical limit the various models reduce to the Hamilton-Jacobi version of corresponding Abraham models of classical electron theory.
We set up the Maxwell's equations and subsequently the classical wave equations for the electromagnetic waves which together with their generating source, an oscillatory charge of zero rest mass in general travelling, make up a particle travelling similarly as the source at velocity ν in the field of an external scalar and vector potentials. The direct solutions in constant external field are Doppler-displaced plane waves propagating at the velocity of light c ; at the de Broglie wavelength scale and expressed in terms of the dynamically equivalent and appropriate geometric mean wave variables, these render as functions identical to the space-time functions of a corresponding Dirac spinor, and in turn identical to de Broglie phase waves previously obtained from explicit superposition. For two spin-half particles of a common set of space-time functions constrained with antisymmetric spin functions as follows the Pauli principle for same charges and as separately indirectly induced based on experiment for opposite charges, the complete wave functions are identical to the Dirac spinor. The back-substitution of the so explicitly determined complete wave functions in the corresponding classical wave equations of the two particles, subjected further to reductions appropriate for the stationary-state particle motion and to rotation invariance when in three dimensions, give a Dirac equation set; the procedure and conclusion are directly extendible to arbitrarily varying potentials by use of the Furious theorem and to particle motions in three dimensions by virtue of the characteristics of de Broglie particle motion. Through the derivation of the Dirac equation, the study hopes to lend insight into the connections between the Dirac wave functions and the electrodynamic components of simple particles under the government by the well established basic laws of electrodynamics.
Non-relativistic de Broglie–Bohm theory describes particles moving under the guidance of the wave function. In de Broglieʼs original formulation, the particle dynamics is given by a first-order differential equation. In Bohmʼs reformulation, it is given by Newtonʼs law of motion with an extra potential that depends on the wave function—the quantum potential—together with a constraint on the possible velocities. It was recently argued, mainly by numerical simulations, that relaxing this velocity constraint leads to a physically untenable theory. We provide further evidence for this by showing that for various wave functions the particles tend to escape the wave packet. In particular, we show that for a central classical potential and bound energy eigenstates the particle motion is often unbounded. This work seems particularly relevant for ways of simulating wave function evolution based on Bohmʼs formulation of the de Broglie–Bohm theory. Namely, the simulations may become unstable due to deviations from the velocity constraint.
A de Broglie-Bohm like model of Dirac equation, that leads to the correct Pauli equations for electrons and positrons in the low-speed limit, is presented. Under this theoretical framework, that affords an interpretation of the quantum potential, the main assumption of the de Broglie-Bohm theory--that the local momentum of particles is given by the gradient of the phase of the wave function--wont be accurate. Also, the number of particles wont be locally conserved. Furthermore, the representation of physical systems through wave functions wont be complete.
It is shown that the de Broglie-Bohm theory has a potential problem concerning the mass and charge distributions of a quantum system such as an electron. According to the de Broglie-Bohm theory, the mass and charge of an electron are localized in a position where its Bohmian particle is. However, protective measurement indicates that they are not localized in one position but distributed throughout space, and the mass and charge density of the electron in each position is proportional to the modulus square of its wave function there.