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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Ytterbium in quantum gases and atomic clocks: van der Waals interactions and blackbody shifts

S. G. Porsev, Marianna S. Safronova, Charles S. Clark

Published Mar 18, 2013• 0 citations
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Scattering of Cold-Atom Coherences by Hot Atoms: Frequency Shifts from Background-Gas Collisions

Kurt Gibble

Frequency shifts from background-gas collisions currently contribute significantly to the inaccuracy of atomic clocks. Because nearly all collisions with room-temperature background gases that transfer momentum eject the cold atoms from the clock, the interference between the scattered and unscattered waves in the forward direction dominates these frequency shifts. We show they are ≈ 10 times smaller than in room-temperature clocks and that van der Waals interactions produce the cold-atom background-gas shift. General considerations allow the loss of the Ramsey fringe amplitude to bound this frequency shift.

arXiv:1304.3486•Physical Review Letters•May 3, 2013•71 citations
We evaluated the C(6) coefficients of Yb-Yb, Yb-alkali, and Yb-group II van der Waals interactions with 2% uncertainty. The only existing experimental result for such quantities is for the Yb-Yb dimer. Our value, C(6)=1929(39) a.u., is in excellent agreement with the recent experimental determination of 1932(35) a.u. We have also developed a new approach for the calculation of the dynamic correction to the blackbody radiation shift. We have calculated this quantity for the Yb 6s(2) (1)S(0)-6s6p (3)P(0)(o) clock transition with 3.5% uncertainty. This reduces the fractional uncertainty due to the blackbody radiation shift in the Yb optical clock at 300 K to the 10(-18) level.
We propose a method of measuring the van der Waals interaction in an ensemble of cold Rydberg atoms via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). By using the method of mean-field approximation, we examine the influence of the van der Waals interaction on the EIT spectrum. It is interesting to find that the van der Waals interaction strength is proportional to frequency shift of the transmission spectrum. This can be used to probe the van der Waals interaction strength. In addition, we discuss the evolution of the van der Waals interaction by adopting the model of the cubic lattice. It is found that the total atoms blockade appears in dense gases under the condition of the strong coupling. Also, we discuss the boundary condition of the total blockade and explain the evolution of the van der Waals interaction.
Frequency shifts from background-gas collisions currently contribute significantly to the inaccuracy of atomic clocks. Because nearly all collisions with room-temperature background gases that transfer momentum eject the cold atoms from the clock, the interference between the scattered and unscattered waves in the forward direction dominates these frequency shifts. We show they are ≈ 10 times smaller than in room-temperature clocks and that van der Waals interactions produce the cold-atom background-gas shift. General considerations allow the loss of the Ramsey fringe amplitude to bound this frequency shift.