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Lecture notes in computer science

Multi-function Quantum Cryptography Protocol Based on Bell State

Tao Zheng, Xiang Gao, Shibin Zhang, Yan Zuo Chang, Jinyue Xia

Published Jan 1, 2019• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-3-030-24268-8_11

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We propose a wide class of distillation schemes for multi-partite entangled states that are CSS-states. Our proposal provides not only superior efficiency, but also new insights on the connection between CSS-states and bipartite graph states. We then apply our distillation schemes to the tri-partite case for three cryptographic tasks---namely, (a) conference key agreement, (b) quantum sharing of classical secrets and (c) third-man cryptography. Moreover, we construct ``prepare-and-measure'' protocols for the above three cryptographic tasks which can be implemented with the generation of only a single entangled pair at a time. This gives significant simplification over previous experimental implementations which require two entangled pairs generated simultaneously. We also study the yields of those protocols and the threshold values of the fidelity above which the protocols can function securely. Rather surprisingly, our protocols will function securely even when the initial state does not violate the standard Bell-inequalities for GHZ states.
Quantum key distribution provides an effective means for achieving information-theoretically secure communication. Recently, Fu et al. proposed a quantum public key cryptography based on Bell states. However, this protocol cannot guarantee the integrity of information when facing tampering attacks. In this study, we first analyze the security vulnerabilities of the protocol, and then introduces the ideas of decoy states and hash functions to propose an improved quantum public key cryptography protocol. In addition, the use of unordered methods further ensures the security of information. After security analysis, it was found that this protocol can resist tampering attacks and has eavesdropping detection, which has higher security compared to existing protocols.