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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Anti-stokes luminescence of the NV-center in diamond from a 785 nm pump beam

S. J. Potashnik, John H. Barkyoumb, Ross S. Fontenot, Danielle Braje, Linh Pham

Published May 29, 2019• 0 citations
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Anti-Stokes optical cooling in diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers is experimentally and numerically investigated. Photoluminescence-excitation spectroscopy reveals pronounced phonon-assisted anti-Stokes emission under excitation below the zero-phonon line (ZPL). However, the below-ZPL excitation drives photoinduced charge-state conversion between negatively-charged NV- and neutral NV0, thereby suppressing the NV- mediated cooling channel. Time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) measurements reveal an increase in the effective PL lifetime with excitation density, reflecting an increasing NV0 contribution. By fitting nanosecond and millisecond PL dynamics with a minimal rate-equation model, we extract effective optical pumping and charge-conversion rates, which enables us to quantitatively simulate the cooling performance. The simulations predict a self-limiting behavior of anti-Stokes cooling and clarify the excitation conditions under which net cooling can be sustained within this effective model. The estimated cooling power per NV center is comparable, on a microscopic basis, to values discussed for semiconductor quantum dots and rare-earth optical coolers. These results identify charge-state conversion as a key bottleneck for defect-based optical refrigeration.

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The manipulation of the charge states of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond is a prerequisite for next-generation quantum sensing, communication, and computing. Here, we use phonon-assisted anti-Stokes excitation to realize the reversible conversion between the NV 0 and NV – states. In this case, we observe two decay processes of NV – centers with lifetimes as long as tens of seconds. By studying the kinetics of spectral structure evolution of NV – states, we find that the spectral structure of the NV – center is modulated by the charge state transition process under anti-Stokes excitation. We propose that the main reason is the local electric field generated by the ionization of the NV –, which changes the radiation environment of the color centers. Our results might provide an alternative method to control the charge states of nitrogen-vacancy centers.

ACS Photonics•Apr 26, 2022•21 citations
Anti-Stokes optical cooling in diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers is experimentally and numerically investigated. Photoluminescence-excitation spectroscopy reveals pronounced phonon-assisted anti-Stokes emission under excitation below the zero-phonon line (ZPL). However, the below-ZPL excitation drives photoinduced charge-state conversion between negatively-charged NV- and neutral NV0, thereby suppressing the NV- mediated cooling channel. Time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) measurements reveal an increase in the effective PL lifetime with excitation density, reflecting an increasing NV0 contribution. By fitting nanosecond and millisecond PL dynamics with a minimal rate-equation model, we extract effective optical pumping and charge-conversion rates, which enables us to quantitatively simulate the cooling performance. The simulations predict a self-limiting behavior of anti-Stokes cooling and clarify the excitation conditions under which net cooling can be sustained within this effective model. The estimated cooling power per NV center is comparable, on a microscopic basis, to values discussed for semiconductor quantum dots and rare-earth optical coolers. These results identify charge-state conversion as a key bottleneck for defect-based optical refrigeration.
The H3 center in diamond has been shown to exhibit several promising characteristics for laser cooling applications including a neutral charge state, high radiative quantum yield, and efficient anti-Stokes photoluminescence. In this work, we show that upon excitation with a 532 nm laser, bulk diamond crystals doped with H3 centers emit efficient up-conversion photoluminescence and also show significantly reduced photothermal heating relative to crystals doped with NV centers. These results encourage future exploration of techniques for H3 enrichment in diamonds at high-pressure, high-temperature conditions for the simultaneous anti-Stokes fluorescence cooling and radiation balanced lasing in semiconductor materials.
The manipulation of the charge states of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond is a prerequisite for next-generation quantum sensing, communication, and computing. Here, we use phonon-assisted anti-Stokes excitation to realize the reversible conversion between the NV 0 and NV – states. In this case, we observe two decay processes of NV – centers with lifetimes as long as tens of seconds. By studying the kinetics of spectral structure evolution of NV – states, we find that the spectral structure of the NV – center is modulated by the charge state transition process under anti-Stokes excitation. We propose that the main reason is the local electric field generated by the ionization of the NV –, which changes the radiation environment of the color centers. Our results might provide an alternative method to control the charge states of nitrogen-vacancy centers.