With the ubiquity and primacy of image- and video-processing, a new subdiscipline ensuring a smooth transition from digital to quantum image-processing has emerged. This study proposes a framework to synchronize audio and visual content to realize talking quantum movies. This framework segments a movie into frame, audio, and time components. A multichannel representation for quantum images (MCQI) is used to encode the still images that make up movie frames. In addition, the amplitude content of the flexible representation of the quantum audio (FRQA) signal is recorded at each instant of time. The synchronization of audio and frames in the movie is accomplished through a quantum sequence of time. The feasibility of this framework is demonstrated by a simple simulation, and some possible applications are discussed.
With the ubiquity and primacy of image- and video-processing, a new subdiscipline ensuring a smooth transition from digital to quantum image-processing has emerged. This study proposes a framework to synchronize audio and visual content to realize talking quantum movies. This framework segments a movie into frame, audio, and time components. A multichannel representation for quantum images (MCQI) is used to encode the still images that make up movie frames. In addition, the amplitude content of the flexible representation of the quantum audio (FRQA) signal is recorded at each instant of time. The synchronization of audio and frames in the movie is accomplished through a quantum sequence of time. The feasibility of this framework is demonstrated by a simple simulation, and some possible applications are discussed.
A framework to synchronise audio and visual contents to realise talking quantum movies is proposed in this study. This framework segments a complete movie into three components, i.e. frame, audio, and time. A multi-channel representation for quantum images (MCQI) is used to encode the still image that make up the movie frames. In addition, the amplitude content of the flexible representation of quantum audio (FRQA) signal is recorded at each instant of time. The synchronisation of audio and frame in the movie is accomplished through a quantum sequence of time. The feasibility of the proposed framework is demonstrated by a simple simulation.
Adopting a generalization of the DiVincenzo criteria for the physical realization of quantum devices, a standalone component each, is proposed to prepare, manipulate, and measure the various content required to represent and produce movies on quantum computers. The quantum CD encodes, prepares, and initializes the broad content or key frames conveying the movie script. The quantum player uses the simple motion operations to manipulate the contents of the key frames in order to interpolate the missing viewing frames required to effectively depict the shots and scenes of the movie. The movie reader combines the projective measurement technique and the ancilla-driven quantum computation to retrieve the classical movie sequence comprising of both the key and viewing frames for each shot. At appropriate frame transition rates, this sequence creates the impression of continuity in order to depict the various movements and actions in the movie. Two well-thought-out examples demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed framework. Concatenated, these components together facilitate the proposed framework for quantum movie representation and production, thus, opening the door towards manipulating quantum circuits aimed at applications for information representation and processing.
The study presented in this work explores the implementation of a watermarking scheme for quantum audio signals based on quantum Discrete Cosine Transformation (qDCT). The qDCT transforms the quantum host audio signal which is encoded as an FRQA (flexible representation of quantum audio) content from time domain to frequency domain and manipulates or modifies the high-frequency positions to embed the quantum watermark audio information into it. The strong energy compaction property of DCT is utilized in this scheme, i.e. after the DCT process to a digital audio, most of the signal information tends to be concentrated in a few low-frequency components and its high-frequency components could record some extra information like watermark audio. Built on the circuit model of quantum computation, the circuit networks to execute the embedding and extraction procedures of qDCT-based watermarking algorithm are designed and simulation-based experiments are conducted to demonstrate their implementation.
Quantum computation and quantum information science have transmuted from classroom conjectures and demonstrations usually confined to the laboratory into exciting sub-disciplines with potential for profound impacts in information and communication security, device miniaturization, cosmology, Internet, and so on. Recent developments in both areas have further changed the landscape of future computing and information processing technologies. Encouraged by this, both fields have witnessed interests from professional bodies, notably, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) via the IEEE P7130 working group on standards for quantum computation as well as similar interests from big technology companies (Google, Microsoft, IBM, etc.) as well as those from national and regional (China, European Union, United Kingdom, Australia, Japan, and so on) governments. With all these activities, presently, interest in and funding for quantum computation and quantum information science are at their highest points ever, thus heralding the inevitable feat of physical realization of quantum computing hardware. Considering the ubiquity and indispensability of imaging and video technologies in our lives today, it is paramount that the utility of any future computing paradigm be measured in terms of its ability to advance and guarantee perpetuity in terms of the efficacy of such technologies. Quantum image processing (QIP), a sub-discipline mainly focused on using quantum computing hardware for the attainment of the aforementioned objectives, has emerged as one of the most promising fields in the quantum computing and quantum information science domains. Its extension to realize quantum movies (or videos), which is the main subject of this disquisition, is an even newer prospect. Consequently, the main objectives of this review are twofold. First, targeting enthusiasts and beginners in the quantum computing field, the treatise provides both an essential background on the rudiments of QIP as well as an exhaustive overview of all literature related to quantum movies and/or videos. Second, for the benefit of those already pursuing research in the QIP sub-discipline, the commentary provides useful insights, allegories, and conjectures to support the integration of other media, such as quantum audio and so on, for the realization of colored talking quantum movies (or video). On the whole, the review is intended to serve as an avenue to invigorate activities tailored toward accelerating the realization of QIP-based quantum technologies.
A flexible representation of quantum images (FRQI) was proposed to facilitate the extension of classical (non-quantum)-like image processing applications to the quantum computing domain. The representation encodes a quantum image in the form of a normalized state, which captures information about colors and their corresponding positions in the images. Since its conception, a handful of processing transformations have been formulated, among which are the geometric transformations on quantum images (GTQI) and the CTQI that are focused on the color information of the images. In addition, extensions and applications of FRQI representation, such as multi-channel representation for quantum images (MCQI), quantum image data searching, watermarking strategies for quantum images, a framework to produce movies on quantum computers and a blueprint for quantum video encryption and decryption have also been suggested. These proposals extend classical-like image and video processing applications to the quantum computing domain and offer a significant speed-up with low computational resources in comparison to performing the same tasks on traditional computing devices. Each of the algorithms and the mathematical foundations for their execution were simulated using classical computing resources, and their results were analyzed alongside other classical computing equivalents. The work presented in this review is intended to serve as the epitome of advances made in FRQI quantum image processing over the past five years and to simulate further interest geared towards the realization of some secure and efficient image and video processing applications on quantum computers.
Exploiting the promise of security and efficiency that quantum computing offers, the basic foundations leading to commercial applications for quantum image processing are proposed. Two mathematical frameworks and algorithms to accomplish the watermarking of quantum images, authentication of ownership of already watermarked images and recovery of their unmarked versions on quantum computers are proposed. Encoding the images as 2n-sized normalised Flexible Representation of Quantum Images (FRQI) states, with n-qubits and 1-qubit dedicated to capturing the respective information about the colour and position of every pixel in the image respectively, the proposed algorithms utilise the flexibility inherent to the FRQI representation, in order to confine the transformations on an image to any predetermined chromatic or spatial (or a combination of both) content of the image as dictated by the watermark embedding, authentication or recovery circuits. Furthermore, by adopting an apt generalisation of the criteria required to realise physical quantum computing hardware, three standalone components that make up the framework to prepare, manipulate and recover the various contents required to represent and produce movies on quantum computers are also proposed. Each of the algorithms and the mathematical foundations for their execution were simulated using classical (i.e., conventional or non-quantum) computing resources, and their results were analysed alongside other longstanding classical computing equivalents. The work presented here, combined together with the extensions suggested, provide the basic foundations towards effectuating secure and efficient classical-like image and video processing applications on the quantum-computing framework.