Quantum computation and quantum information science have transmuted from classroom conjectures and demonstrations usually confined to the laboratory into exciting sub-disciplines with potential for profound impacts in information and communication security, device miniaturization, cosmology, Internet, and so on. Recent developments in both areas have further changed the landscape of future computing and information processing technologies. Encouraged by this, both fields have witnessed interests from professional bodies, notably, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) via the IEEE P7130 working group on standards for quantum computation as well as similar interests from big technology companies (Google, Microsoft, IBM, etc.) as well as those from national and regional (China, European Union, United Kingdom, Australia, Japan, and so on) governments. With all these activities, presently, interest in and funding for quantum computation and quantum information science are at their highest points ever, thus heralding the inevitable feat of physical realization of quantum computing hardware. Considering the ubiquity and indispensability of imaging and video technologies in our lives today, it is paramount that the utility of any future computing paradigm be measured in terms of its ability to advance and guarantee perpetuity in terms of the efficacy of such technologies. Quantum image processing (QIP), a sub-discipline mainly focused on using quantum computing hardware for the attainment of the aforementioned objectives, has emerged as one of the most promising fields in the quantum computing and quantum information science domains. Its extension to realize quantum movies (or videos), which is the main subject of this disquisition, is an even newer prospect. Consequently, the main objectives of this review are twofold. First, targeting enthusiasts and beginners in the quantum computing field, the treatise provides both an essential background on the rudiments of QIP as well as an exhaustive overview of all literature related to quantum movies and/or videos. Second, for the benefit of those already pursuing research in the QIP sub-discipline, the commentary provides useful insights, allegories, and conjectures to support the integration of other media, such as quantum audio and so on, for the realization of colored talking quantum movies (or video). On the whole, the review is intended to serve as an avenue to invigorate activities tailored toward accelerating the realization of QIP-based quantum technologies.
Quantum computation and quantum information science have transmuted from classroom conjectures and demonstrations usually confined to the laboratory into exciting sub-disciplines with potential for profound impacts in information and communication security, device miniaturization, cosmology, Internet, and so on. Recent developments in both areas have further changed the landscape of future computing and information processing technologies. Encouraged by this, both fields have witnessed interests from professional bodies, notably, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) via the IEEE P7130 working group on standards for quantum computation as well as similar interests from big technology companies (Google, Microsoft, IBM, etc.) as well as those from national and regional (China, European Union, United Kingdom, Australia, Japan, and so on) governments. With all these activities, presently, interest in and funding for quantum computation and quantum information science are at their highest points ever, thus heralding the inevitable feat of physical realization of quantum computing hardware. Considering the ubiquity and indispensability of imaging and video technologies in our lives today, it is paramount that the utility of any future computing paradigm be measured in terms of its ability to advance and guarantee perpetuity in terms of the efficacy of such technologies. Quantum image processing (QIP), a sub-discipline mainly focused on using quantum computing hardware for the attainment of the aforementioned objectives, has emerged as one of the most promising fields in the quantum computing and quantum information science domains. Its extension to realize quantum movies (or videos), which is the main subject of this disquisition, is an even newer prospect. Consequently, the main objectives of this review are twofold. First, targeting enthusiasts and beginners in the quantum computing field, the treatise provides both an essential background on the rudiments of QIP as well as an exhaustive overview of all literature related to quantum movies and/or videos. Second, for the benefit of those already pursuing research in the QIP sub-discipline, the commentary provides useful insights, allegories, and conjectures to support the integration of other media, such as quantum audio and so on, for the realization of colored talking quantum movies (or video). On the whole, the review is intended to serve as an avenue to invigorate activities tailored toward accelerating the realization of QIP-based quantum technologies.
In this review, we present an overview of the advances made in quantum image processing (QIP) comprising of the image representations, the operations realizable on them, and the likely protocols and algorithms for their applications. In particular, we focus on recent progresses on QIP-based security technologies including quantum watermarking, quantum image encryption, and quantum image steganography. This review is aimed at providing readers with a succinct, yet adequate compendium of the progresses made in the QIP sub-area. Hopefully, this effort will stimulate further interest aimed at the pursuit of more advanced algorithms and experimental validations for available technologies and extensions to other domains.
Physics and computer science have a long tradition of cross-fertilization. One of the latest outcomes of this mutually beneficial relationship is quantum information science, which comprises the study of information processing tasks that can be accomplished using quantum mechanical systems. Quantum Image Processing (QIMP) is an emergent field of quantum information science whose main goal is to strengthen our capacity for storing, processing, and retrieving visual information from images and video either by transitioning from digital to quantum paradigms or by complementing digital imaging with quantum techniques. The expectation is that harnessing the properties of quantum mechanical systems in QIMP will result in the realization of advanced technologies that will outperform, enhance or complement existing and upcoming digital technologies for image and video processing tasks.
Quantum computing is increasingly being viewed as a promising direction for the future of image processing. Conventional approaches to image classification, enhancement, compression, and restoration, although highly developed, often struggle with scalability, computational complexity, and data security—especially when processing high-dimensional or sensitive visual information. This survey explores how quantum computing can help address these limitations through quantum image representation models such as FRQI and NEQR, variational quantum circuits, and hybrid quantum–classical architectures. The primary objective of this review is to present a clear and structured overview of the current state of quantum image processing (QIP). It discusses foundational representation models, emerging hybrid learning techniques, available software frameworks and simulators, benchmarking practices, and practical applications in areas such as medical imaging, remote sensing, and biometric security. Particular attention is given to solutions that are feasible on today’s NISQ-era hardware, including hybrid architectures and quantum-secured image processing schemes. The survey concludes by identifying existing challenges and outlining realistic future research directions. Overall, it emphasizes the practical importance of hybrid models, the need for standardized quantum-oriented benchmarks, and the growing potential of quantum-based security mechanisms for safeguarding visual data.
Quantum computing has moved from a theoretical curiosity to a strategic technological priority for governments, hyperscale technology companies, and a fast-growing ecosystem of specialized start-ups. This survey provides a comprehensive, self-contained overview of the field as it stands in 2026. We first lay out the physical and mathematical foundations of quantum computation, superposition, entanglement, interference, and measurement, and contrast them systematically with classical computing. We then survey the competing hardware modalities (superconducting, trapped-ion, photonic, neutral-atom, topological, and spin qubits) and the logic gates and circuit model that operate on them, before reviewing the canonical quantum algorithms that motivate the field. We classify the major computing paradigms (gate-based, annealing, adiabatic, measurement-based, and topological), and examine the current state of the market, the national strategies of leading countries, and the roles played by IBM, Google, Microsoft, Amazon, NVIDIA, and a cohort of pure-play companies. Dedicated sections map undergraduate and graduate education pathways, including specific universities offering quantum-focused degrees, the domains in which quantum computers are expected to create value, and the career paths now opening in the field. We close with an explicit three-phase roadmap \qtoday{}, \qtomorrow{}, and the \qfuture{} and a candid discussion of the open scientific and engineering problems that stand between the present noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era and a fault-tolerant, utility-scale quantum computing industry.
The Quantum Image Processing (QIP, based on developing along quantum computing and digital image analysis) is an emerging field. Due to the growing needs for image processing with high speed and efficiency in applications including medical imaging, satellite surveillance, autonomous vehicle, and big data analytics, there are limitations of scalability and speed with classical methods. By exploring the very principles on which the modern world operates, from superposition to entanglement, quantum computing provides an altogether transformative perspective on how to process and analyze images exponentially faster. QIP is the topic of this paper and how it might change the way that images are stored, processed, and interpreted; that is, we look at the theoretical foundations and practical considerations of QIP. Quantum representation of images, quantum Fourier transforms, and quantum edge detection are discussed. The challenges to technical and implementable aspects of QIP need not preclude the next generation of high speed computation. The objectives of this research include discovering the potential of QIP, and the weaknesses and future occurrence of the QIP technology.
This survey report presents an overview of the field of quantum computing, focusing on the application of quantum technologies in machine learning, deep learning, image processing, and other related areas. A comprehensive analysis of research papers published between 2005 and 2022 is conducted, covering the latest advancements in quantum-based techniques. The report provides insights into various types of quantum technologies, including quantum machine learning, deep learning, computing, learning, and image processing. The survey encompasses a wide range of topics, such as quantum algorithms, quantum data encoding, quantum feature extraction, quantum neural networks, quantum image recognition, quantum optimization, and quantum simulations. It also identifies the emerging trends, challenges, and future research directions in this rapidly evolving field. The findings of this survey report are expected to provide valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers interested in the field of quantum and its applications in machine learning, deep learning, image processing, and related areas. Comprehensive analysis of the research papers and the identification of the current trends and challenges in this field can serve as a valuable reference for future research and development in the quantum computing domain.