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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Exploring quantum correlations in a many-body localized system

Julian Léonard, Matthew Rispoli, Alexander Lukin, Robert Schittko, Sooshin Kim, Joyce Kwan, Markus Greiner

Published Mar 5, 2019• 0 citations
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Characterizing out-of-equilibrium many-body dynamics is a complex but crucial task for quantum applications and understanding fundamental phenomena. A central question is the role of localization in quenching thermalization in many-body systems and whether such localization survives in the presence of interactions. Probing this question in real systems necessitates the development of an experimentally measurable metric that can distinguish between different types of localization. While it is known that the localized phase of interacting systems [many-body localization (MBL)] exhibits a long-time logarithmic growth in entanglement entropy that distinguishes it from the noninteracting case of Anderson localization (AL), entanglement entropy is difficult to measure experimentally. Here, we present a novel correlation metric, capable of distinguishing MBL from AL in high-temperature spin systems. We demonstrate the use of this metric to detect localization in a natural solid-state spin system using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). We engineer the natural Hamiltonian to controllably introduce disorder and interactions, and observe the emergence of localization. In particular, while our correlation metric saturates for AL, it slowly keeps increasing for MBL, demonstrating analogous features to entanglement entropy, as we show in simulations. Our results show that our NMR techniques, akin to measuring out-of-time correlations, are well suited for studying localization in spin systems.
Stark Many-Body Localization (MBL) is a phenomenon observed in quantum systems in the absence of disorder, where the presence of a linear potential, known as the Stark field, causes the localization. Our study aims to provide novel insight into the properties of Stark MBL and to discover unique entanglement characteristics specific to this phenomenon. The phase diagram analysis reveals different behavior with varying interaction strengths. Furthermore, we highlight the influence of domain wall structures on the breakdown of the entanglement entropy of the system. Moreover, the investigation of Out-of-Time-Ordered Correlator (OTOC) behavior demonstrates distinct responses to interactions based on domain wall configurations. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of Stark MBL and offer valuable insights into the entanglement properties of systems subjected to Stark potentials.
Many-body localization (MBL) provides a mechanism by which interacting quantum systems evade thermalization, leading to persistent memory of initial conditions and slow entanglement growth. Probing these dynamical signatures in large systems and at long evolution times remains challenging for both classical simulations and current quantum devices. Here we experimentally investigate the ergodic-MBL crossover in quasiperiodic Floquet Ising systems using up to 144 qubits on an IBM Quantum processor. By implementing deep Floquet circuits reaching up to 5000 cycles, we access long-time many-body dynamics beyond the regime explored in previous quantum computing experiments. Measurements of autocorrelation functions reveal a smooth crossover from rapid thermalization at weak quasiperiodic potential strength to persistent correlations in the strong-disorder regime. Notably, in addition to the one-dimensional system, we also observe clear signatures consistent with localization behavior in the two-dimensional system. Furthermore, the quantum Fisher information exhibits logarithmic growth over thousands of Floquet cycles, providing evidence for slow entanglement spreading characteristic of the MBL regime. These results demonstrate that programmable quantum processors can serve as experimental platforms for probing nonergodic quantum many-body dynamics and exploring localization phenomena in regimes beyond the reach of classical simulations.