Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Modern Physics Letters A

The origin of the spooky behavior of quantum particles: Time reversal

Jin Tong Wang, Aaron X. Kan, J. D. Fan

Published Jun 14, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we study the origin of the quantum particle entanglement. Particles will have one mixed wave function as soon as they are created, which are called quantum particle entanglement. Electron spin states are used as an example to discuss this topic. When two electrons are created simultaneously, they have two different mixed quantum spin states. Before the measurement of its spin, we cannot determine its spin state. However, as soon as the spin of one of the electrons is determined (measured), the spin of the other will definitely be in the opposite state, regardless of how far they are away from each other. This paper uses the mechanism that the wave packet spreads as soon as they are created and then the wave packet shrinks when it undergoes a measurement to interpret this spooky phenomenon mentioned above.

DOI
10.1142/s0217732319501992

Related papers

Photoemission process — Relation with quantum entanglement

J. T. Wang, J. D. Fan

It is well known that an electron has either spin-up or spin-down state and a photon has two possible polarizations called spin [Formula: see text] or spin [Formula: see text]. But when two particles are created, the two particles can have 50% of one state and 50% in the other. This is called the two particles in quantum entanglement. The spooky thing is that an event at one point in the universe can instantaneously affect the event that is arbitrarily far away between these two particles. a The entanglement of the two particles can be electron or photon. We believe, in order to study this phenomenon we have to study further than the previously established principles of quantum mechanics, that is, to study how an electron creates a photon and how it interacts with the photon emitted. a Quantum entanglement simplified-video results — Quantum entanglement and spooky action at a distance, youtube.com, two years ago.

Modern Physics Letters A•Jun 11, 2018•1 citation

The origin of quantum nonlocality

Fang-Yu Hong

Quantum entanglement is the quintessential characteristic of quantum mechanics and the basis for quantum information processing. When one of two maximally entangled particles is measured, without measurement the state of another one is determined simultaneously no matter how far the two particles is from each other. How can these phenomena take place since no object can move faster than light speed in a vacuum? The key problem is due to the ignorance of the interaction between a particle and a quantum vacuum. Just like the case where a gun suffers recoil from its firing of a bullet, when a particle is created from the quantum vacuum, the vacuum will be somewhat "broken" correspondingly, which can be described by a shadow state in the vacuum. Through their shadows in the vacuum two quantum entangled particles can have a distance-independent instantaneous interaction with each other. Quantum teleportation, quantum swap, and wave function collapse are explained in a similar way. Quantum object can be interpreted as a composite made up of a particle and the shadowed quantum vacuum which is responsible for the wave characteristic of the particle wave duality. The quantum vacuum is not only the origin of all possible kinds of particles, but also the origin and the core of Eastern mystics.

arXiv:1002.0959•Feb 4, 2010•0 citations

Application of Quantum Entanglement in Quantum Communication

Dr. Birendra Kumar Yadav

The study of nature at the smallest scales, known as quantum physics, has uncovered occurrences that defy conventional wisdom. Among them, one of the most enigmatic and exciting discoveries is quantum entanglement. When two or more particles become correlated to the point that, regardless of the distance between them, the state of one particle is instantly connected to the state of the other, this is known as entanglement. Once referred to by Einstein as "spooky action at a distance," this phenomenon has developed from a theoretical curiosity to a fundamental component of contemporary quantum technologies. Next-generation communication technologies are among its most revolutionary uses. The power of computational devices using silicon-based integrated circuits has advanced dramatically during the last few decades. Since the gadgets' size will soon approach atomic scales, this remarkable technological advancement based on the principles of classical physics cannot continue eternally. Quantum mechanics would control how these devices operate at these extreme natural regimes. In order to demonstrate drastically new kinds of computing and communication with quantum mechanical states of physical systems, physicists and computer scientists have developed concepts that take advantage of the quantum mechanical behavior of these devices. A basic and fascinating phenomenon in quantum mechanics, quantum entanglement occurs when two or more particles become correlated to the point where the state of one instantly affects the state of the other, regardless of the distance between them. This study explores the theoretical underpinnings of quantum entanglement, including its mathematical formulation, important experimental validations, and implications for new technologies. We will talk about this in this paper. Quantum communication via quantum entanglement.

International Journal of Research and Analysis in Science and Engineering•Mar 31, 2026•0 citations

Comments on the quantum correlation and entanglement

S. V. Gantsevich, V. L. Gurevich

In recent decades it was established that the quantum measurements of physical quantities in space-time points divided by space-like intervals may be correlated. Though such correlation follows from the formulas of quantum mechanics its physics so far remains unclear and there is a number of different and rather contradictory interpretations. They concern particularly the so-called Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox where the momentary action at a distance together with non-local entangled states is used for the interpretation. We assume that the quantum theory can be formulated as local and look for the consequences of this assumption. Accordingly we try to explain the correlation phenomena in a local way looking for the origin of correlation. To exclude a presupposed correlation of participating quantum particles we consider two independent particle sources and two detectors that are independent as well. We show that the origin of the correlation is the feature that the occupation number of a particle (and other its measurable quantities) is formed by a pair of complex conjugated wave functions with in general arbitrary phases. We consider this point as crucial as it provides interpretation of the observed correlation phenomena that may otherwise look puzzling. We briefly discuss a special type of noise that is typical for the quantum correlation phenomena.

arXiv:1512.03672•Dec 11, 2015•1 citation

Simultaneity and Time Reversal in Quantum Mechanics in Relation to Proper Time

Salim Yasmineh

In Newtonian physics, the equation of motion is invariant when the direction of time (t→−t) is flipped. However, in quantum physics, flipping the direction of time changes the sign of the Schrödinger equation. An anti-unitary operator is needed to restore time reversal in quantum physics, but this is at the cost of not having a consistent definition of time reversal applicable to all fundamental theories. On the other hand, a quantum system composed of a pair of entangled particles behaves in such a manner that when the state of one particle is measured, the second particle ‘simultaneously’ acquires a determinate state. A notion of absolute simultaneity seems to be inferred by quantum mechanics, even though it is forbidden by the postulates of relativity. We aim to point out that the above two problems can be overcome if the wavefunction is defined with respect to proper time, which in fact is the real physical time instead of ordinary time.

Quantum Reports•Sep 8, 2022•0 citations

Wave Packet

S. Rajasekar, R. Velusamy

The behaviour of localized quantum wave packet has lately become an object of much interest to forge a link between classical and quantum mechanics. Wave packet is often taken as the best approximation of quantum theory to a classical particle. If the wave packet is regarded as a point, with zero amplitude everywhere except in a very small region, then its motion can be interpreted as the motion of a single particle. The advent of short-pulsed lasers made it possible to produce and detect superposition of electron states for many physical systems. Such superposition leads to the formation of localized electron wave packets. The localized wave packet solution disperses or spreads in time, however, at a later time, it reforms and appears as its initial state. Revivals in quantum systems were first studied in the Jaynes–Cumming model, describing a two-level atom interacting with a resonant monochromatic field.

CRC Press eBooks•Sep 29, 2022•0 citations
In this paper, we study the origin of the quantum particle entanglement. Particles will have one mixed wave function as soon as they are created, which are called quantum particle entanglement. Electron spin states are used as an example to discuss this topic. When two electrons are created simultaneously, they have two different mixed quantum spin states. Before the measurement of its spin, we cannot determine its spin state. However, as soon as the spin of one of the electrons is determined (measured), the spin of the other will definitely be in the opposite state, regardless of how far they are away from each other. This paper uses the mechanism that the wave packet spreads as soon as they are created and then the wave packet shrinks when it undergoes a measurement to interpret this spooky phenomenon mentioned above.
It is well known that an electron has either spin-up or spin-down state and a photon has two possible polarizations called spin [Formula: see text] or spin [Formula: see text]. But when two particles are created, the two particles can have 50% of one state and 50% in the other. This is called the two particles in quantum entanglement. The spooky thing is that an event at one point in the universe can instantaneously affect the event that is arbitrarily far away between these two particles. a The entanglement of the two particles can be electron or photon. We believe, in order to study this phenomenon we have to study further than the previously established principles of quantum mechanics, that is, to study how an electron creates a photon and how it interacts with the photon emitted. a Quantum entanglement simplified-video results — Quantum entanglement and spooky action at a distance, youtube.com, two years ago.
Quantum entanglement is the quintessential characteristic of quantum mechanics and the basis for quantum information processing. When one of two maximally entangled particles is measured, without measurement the state of another one is determined simultaneously no matter how far the two particles is from each other. How can these phenomena take place since no object can move faster than light speed in a vacuum? The key problem is due to the ignorance of the interaction between a particle and a quantum vacuum. Just like the case where a gun suffers recoil from its firing of a bullet, when a particle is created from the quantum vacuum, the vacuum will be somewhat "broken" correspondingly, which can be described by a shadow state in the vacuum. Through their shadows in the vacuum two quantum entangled particles can have a distance-independent instantaneous interaction with each other. Quantum teleportation, quantum swap, and wave function collapse are explained in a similar way. Quantum object can be interpreted as a composite made up of a particle and the shadowed quantum vacuum which is responsible for the wave characteristic of the particle wave duality. The quantum vacuum is not only the origin of all possible kinds of particles, but also the origin and the core of Eastern mystics.
The study of nature at the smallest scales, known as quantum physics, has uncovered occurrences that defy conventional wisdom. Among them, one of the most enigmatic and exciting discoveries is quantum entanglement. When two or more particles become correlated to the point that, regardless of the distance between them, the state of one particle is instantly connected to the state of the other, this is known as entanglement. Once referred to by Einstein as "spooky action at a distance," this phenomenon has developed from a theoretical curiosity to a fundamental component of contemporary quantum technologies. Next-generation communication technologies are among its most revolutionary uses. The power of computational devices using silicon-based integrated circuits has advanced dramatically during the last few decades. Since the gadgets' size will soon approach atomic scales, this remarkable technological advancement based on the principles of classical physics cannot continue eternally. Quantum mechanics would control how these devices operate at these extreme natural regimes. In order to demonstrate drastically new kinds of computing and communication with quantum mechanical states of physical systems, physicists and computer scientists have developed concepts that take advantage of the quantum mechanical behavior of these devices. A basic and fascinating phenomenon in quantum mechanics, quantum entanglement occurs when two or more particles become correlated to the point where the state of one instantly affects the state of the other, regardless of the distance between them. This study explores the theoretical underpinnings of quantum entanglement, including its mathematical formulation, important experimental validations, and implications for new technologies. We will talk about this in this paper. Quantum communication via quantum entanglement.
In recent decades it was established that the quantum measurements of physical quantities in space-time points divided by space-like intervals may be correlated. Though such correlation follows from the formulas of quantum mechanics its physics so far remains unclear and there is a number of different and rather contradictory interpretations. They concern particularly the so-called Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox where the momentary action at a distance together with non-local entangled states is used for the interpretation. We assume that the quantum theory can be formulated as local and look for the consequences of this assumption. Accordingly we try to explain the correlation phenomena in a local way looking for the origin of correlation. To exclude a presupposed correlation of participating quantum particles we consider two independent particle sources and two detectors that are independent as well. We show that the origin of the correlation is the feature that the occupation number of a particle (and other its measurable quantities) is formed by a pair of complex conjugated wave functions with in general arbitrary phases. We consider this point as crucial as it provides interpretation of the observed correlation phenomena that may otherwise look puzzling. We briefly discuss a special type of noise that is typical for the quantum correlation phenomena.
In Newtonian physics, the equation of motion is invariant when the direction of time (t→−t) is flipped. However, in quantum physics, flipping the direction of time changes the sign of the Schrödinger equation. An anti-unitary operator is needed to restore time reversal in quantum physics, but this is at the cost of not having a consistent definition of time reversal applicable to all fundamental theories. On the other hand, a quantum system composed of a pair of entangled particles behaves in such a manner that when the state of one particle is measured, the second particle ‘simultaneously’ acquires a determinate state. A notion of absolute simultaneity seems to be inferred by quantum mechanics, even though it is forbidden by the postulates of relativity. We aim to point out that the above two problems can be overcome if the wavefunction is defined with respect to proper time, which in fact is the real physical time instead of ordinary time.
The behaviour of localized quantum wave packet has lately become an object of much interest to forge a link between classical and quantum mechanics. Wave packet is often taken as the best approximation of quantum theory to a classical particle. If the wave packet is regarded as a point, with zero amplitude everywhere except in a very small region, then its motion can be interpreted as the motion of a single particle. The advent of short-pulsed lasers made it possible to produce and detect superposition of electron states for many physical systems. Such superposition leads to the formation of localized electron wave packets. The localized wave packet solution disperses or spreads in time, however, at a later time, it reforms and appears as its initial state. Revivals in quantum systems were first studied in the Jaynes–Cumming model, describing a two-level atom interacting with a resonant monochromatic field.