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Semiclassical limit for mixed states with singular and rough potentials.

Thierry Paul, Alessio Figalli, Marilena Ligabò

Published Jan 1, 2012• 12 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We consider the semiclassical limit for the Heisenberg-von Neumann equation with a potential which consists of the sum of a repulsive Coulomb potential, plus a Lipschitz potential whose gradient belongs to $BV$; this assumption on the potential guarantees the well posedness of the Liouville equation in the space of bounded integrable solutions. We find sufficient conditions on the initial data to ensure that the quantum dynamics converges to the classical one. More precisely, we consider the Husimi functions of the solution of the Heisenberg-von Neumann equation, and under suitable assumptions on the initial data we prove that they converge, as $\e \to 0$, to the unique bounded solution of the Liouville equation (locally uniformly in time).

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We consider the semiclassical limit for the Heisenberg-von Neumann equation with a potential which consists of the sum of a repulsive Coulomb potential, plus a Lipschitz potential whose gradient belongs to BVBVBV; this assumption on the potential guarantees the well posedness of the Liouville equation in the space of bounded integrable solutions. We find sufficient conditions on the initial data to ensure that the quantum dynamics converges to the classical one. More precisely, we consider the Husimi functions of the solution of the Heisenberg-von Neumann equation, and under suitable assumptions on the initial data we prove that they converge, as \e→0\e \to 0\e→0, to the unique bounded solution of the Liouville equation (locally uniformly in time).
We consider the semiclassical limit for the Heisenberg-von Neumann equation with a potential which consists of the sum of a repulsive Coulomb potential, plus a Lipschitz potential whose gradient belongs to BVBVBV; this assumption on the potential guarantees the well posedness of the Liouville equation in the space of bounded integrable solutions. We find sufficient conditions on the initial data to ensure that the quantum dynamics converges to the classical one. More precisely, we consider the Husimi functions of the solution of the Heisenberg-von Neumann equation, and under suitable assumptions on the initial data we prove that they converge, as $\e \to 0$, to the unique bounded solution of the Liouville equation (locally uniformly in time).
We will show that Liouville and quantum Liouville operators LLL and LℏL_\hbarLℏ​ generate two C0C_0C0​-groups etLe^{tL}etL and etLhe^{tL_h}etLh​ of isometries in L2(R2n)L^2(\mathbb{R}^{2n})L2(R2n) and etLhe^{tL_h}etLh​ converges ultraweakly to etLe^{tL}etL. As a consequence we show that the Gaussian mollifier of the Wigner function, called Husimi function, converges in L1(R2n)L^1(\mathbb{R}^{2n})L1(R2n) to the solution of the Liouville equation.
Entropy and free energy are central concepts in both statistical physics and information theory, with quantum and classical facets. In mathematics these concepts appear quite often in different contexts (dynamical systems, probability theory, von Neumann algebras, etc.). In this work, we study the von Neumann and Wehrl entropies from the point of view of semiclassical analysis. We first prove the semiclassical convergence of the von Neumann to the Wehrl entropy for quantum Gibbs states (thermal equilibrium), after a suitable renormalization has been taken into account. Then, we show that, in the same limit, the free energy functional defined with the Wehrl entropy $ Γ-$converges to its classical counterpart, so implying convergence of the minima and the associated minimizers.
We prove semiclassical estimates for the Schrödinger-von Neumann evolution with C1,1 potentials and density matrices whose square root have either Wigner functions with low regularity independent of the dimension, or matrix elements between Hermite functions having long range decay. The estimates are settled in different weak topologies and apply to initial density operators whose square root have Wigner functions 7 times differentiable, independently of the dimension. They also apply to the N-body quantum dynamics uniformly in N and to concentrating pure and mixed states without any regularity assumption. In a appendix, we finally estimate the dependence in the dimension of the constant appearing on the Calderón-Vaillancourt Theorem. Nous démontrons des estimations semi-classiques pour l'équation de Schrödinger-von Neumann avec potentiel C1,1 et des matrices densité initiales dont la racine carrée a soit une fonction de Wigner de faible régularité indépendante de la dimension, soit des éléments de matrice entre fonctions d'Hermite à décroissance lente. Les estimations sont exprimées dans diverses topologies faibles et s'appliquent à des matrices densité dont la racine carrée a une fonction de Wigner 7 fois différentiable, indépendamment de la dimension. Elles s'appliquent aussi à la dynamique quantique à N corps uniformément en N, et, sans aucune hypothèse de régularité, à des états mixtes ou purs se concentrant à la limite classique. Enfin, nous estimons dans un appendice la dépendance en la dimension de la constante apparaissant dans le théorème de Calderón-Vaillancourt.
Abstract The Koopman–von Neumann equation describes the evolution of a complex-valued wavefunction corresponding to the probability distribution given by an associated classical Liouville equation. Typically, it is defined on the whole Euclidean space. The investigation of bounded domains, particularly in practical scenarios involving quantum-based simulations of dynamical systems, has received little attention so far. We consider the Koopman–von Neumann equation associated with an ordinary differential equation on a bounded domain whose trajectories are contained in the set’s closure. Our main results are the construction of a strongly continuous semigroup together with the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the associated initial value problem. To this end, a functional-analytic framework connected to Sobolev spaces is proposed and analyzed. Moreover, the connection of the Koopman–von Neumann framework to transport equations is highlighted.
We consider a semiclassically scaled Schrödinger equation with WKB initial data. We prove that in the classical limit the corresponding Bohmian trajectories converge (locally in measure) to the classical trajectories before the appearance of the first caustic. In a second step we show that after caustic onset this convergence in general no longer holds. In addition, we provide numerical simulations of the Bohmian trajectories in the semiclassical regime that illustrate the above results.© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.