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Журнал технической физики

Спектроскопия квантовых биений в системе N одинаковых, близко расположенных атомов. I. Случай N=2

A. I. Mokhov, Aleksandr A. Makarov

Published Jan 1, 2019• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

AbstractUsing the example of two closely spaced localized alkaline-earth atoms, we consider the possibilities of the quantum beat method (a version of the level-crossing spectroscopy in a magnetic field) in finding two parameters characterizing the system, namely, the direction from one atom to another and the distance between them. The applicability of the method to the nanoscopy of systems of closely spaced quantum dots, vacancy centers (NV centers, etc.), and impurity atoms (molecules) in crystals is discussed.

DOI
10.21883/os.2019.07.47924.63-19

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AbstractUsing the example of two closely spaced localized alkaline-earth atoms, we consider the possibilities of the quantum beat method (a version of the level-crossing spectroscopy in a magnetic field) in finding two parameters characterizing the system, namely, the direction from one atom to another and the distance between them. The applicability of the method to the nanoscopy of systems of closely spaced quantum dots, vacancy centers (NV centers, etc.), and impurity atoms (molecules) in crystals is discussed.
As one of the most promising candidates of solid-state qubits, nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds have been paid much attention for experimental quantum information processings, such as their energy level structures characterized by microwave absorption probes. In this paper we develop a simplified steady-state spectral method to exactly solve the driven three-level atomic system for fitting the measured microwave absorptions of the NV centers in diamonds. Due to the energy level structures of the NV centers in diamonds which are controllable by applying external magnetic fields, the precision measurements of the ESR spectra of the NV centers in diamond can be used to precisely detect the applied magnetic fields with nanometer spatial scale resolutions. Our steady-state spectral simulations show that the Bz-component (parallel with the axis of the NV centers) of the applied magnetic fields causes the symmetric Zeeman shifts in the zero-field splitting levels, while the B⊥-component (perpendicular to the NV axis mainly) causes the asymmetric Zeeman shifts. Therefore, by exactly probing the steady-state Zeeman shift absorption spectra of the NV centers in diamonds the applied magnetic fields can be detected precisely, at least theoretically.
Abstract Using the example of two closely spaced localized alkaline-earth atoms, we consider the possibilities of the quantum beat method (a version of the level-crossing spectroscopy in a magnetic field) in finding two parameters characterizing the system, namely, the direction from one atom to another and the distance between them. The applicability of the method to the nanoscopy of systems of closely spaced quantum dots, vacancy centers (NV centers, etc.), and impurity atoms (molecules) in crystals is discussed.
Показано, что квантование момента импульса двухчастичных квантовых систем в атоме гелия и позитрония выполнено существенно по-разному. Установлено, что для гелия оно выполнено корректно, а для позитрония - нет. It is shown that the quantization of the angular momentum of two-particle quantum systems in a helium andpositronium atom is carried out significantly differently. It has been established that for helium it is carried out correctly, but for positronium it is not.
A number of interesting phenomena occur at points where the energy levels of an atom or a molecule (anti) cross as a function of some parameter such as an external field. In a previous paper [M. Bhattacharya and C. Raman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 140405 (2006)] we have outlined powerful mathematical techniques useful in identifying the parameter values at which such (avoided) crossings occur. In the accompanying article [M. Bhattacharya and C. Raman, Phys. Rev A 75, 033405 (2007)] we have developed the mathematical basis of these algebraic techniques in some detail. In this article we apply these level-crossing methods to the spectra of atoms and molecules in a magnetic field. In the case of atoms the final result is the derivation of a class of invariants of the Breit-Rabi Hamiltonian of magnetic resonance. These invariants completely describe the parametric symmetries of the Hamiltonian. In the case of molecules we present an indicator which can tell when the Born-Oppenheimer approximation breaks down without using any information about the molecular potentials other than the fact that they are real. We frame our discussion in the context of Feshbach resonances in the atom-pair $^{23}\mathrm{Na}\text{\ensuremath{-}}^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$ which are of current interest.
We report a magnetic field dependence of fluorescence of diamond single crystals containing NV−^-− centers. In such spectra, numerous sharp lines are found, which correspond to Level Anti-Crossings (LACs) in coupled spins systems comprising an NV−^-− center. Theoretical modeling of such "LAC-spectra" enables characterization of paramagnetic defect centers and determination of their magnetic resonance parameters, such as zero-field splitting and hyperfine coupling constants. The outlined method thus enables sensitive detection of paramagnetic impurities in diamond crystals.
Due to their exceptional optical and magnetic properties, negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV−) centers in nanodiamonds (NDs) have been identified as an indispensable tool for imaging, sensing and quantum bit manipulation. The investigation of the emission behaviors of single NV− centers at the nanoscale is of paramount importance and underpins their use in applications ranging from quantum computation to super-resolution imaging. Here, we report on a spin-manipulated nanoscopy method for nanoscale resolutions of the collectively blinking NV− centers confined within the diffraction-limited region. Using wide-field localization microscopy combined with nanoscale spin manipulation and the assistance of a microwave source tuned to the optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) frequency, we discovered that two collectively blinking NV− centers can be resolved. Furthermore, when the collective emitters possess the same ground state spin transition frequency, the proposed method allows the resolving of each single NV− center via an external magnetic field used to split the resonant dips. In spin manipulation, the three-level blinking dynamics provide the means to resolve two NV− centers separated by distances of 23 nm. The method presented here offers a new platform for studying and imaging spin-related quantum interactions at the nanoscale with super-resolution techniques. A new spin-manipulated nanoscopy method can resolve collectively blinking negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centers (NVCs) on a nanoscale. The exceptional optical and magnetic properties of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds make them attractive as fluorescent biomarkers in imaging and sensing applications. By combining wide-field localization microscopy with nanoscale spin manipulation by a microwave signal, Min Gu and colleagues from RMIT University and Swinburne University of Technology in Australia have achieved super-resolution imaging of the blinking of multiple, closely spaced negatively charged NVCs. The nanoscopy approach can resolve NVCs as small as 42 nanometers and separated by as little as 23 nanometers. Two close NVCs often appear to emit coupled fluorescence as they exhibit a collective behavior. The method offers a new way to study and image spin-related quantum interactions at the nanoscale.