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Technical Physics Letters

A Scanning Optical Quantum Magnetometer Based on the Hole Burning Phenomenon

Andrey N. Anisimov, R. A. Babunts, Ilia D. Breev, Anna P. Bundakova, I. V. Il’in, Marina V. Muzafarova, P. G. Baranov

Published May 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract A scanning optical quantum magnetometer with submicron spatial resolution is proposed that is based on the phenomenon of hole burning in the signal of optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) on atomic-sized color centers in silicon carbide crystals under conditions of spin level saturation by means of additional high-frequency resonance pumping. An increase in the sensitivity is achieved due to narrowing of the ODMR line and increasing slope of the dependence of signal frequency on the magnetic field.

DOI
10.1134/s1063785019050195

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Abstract A scanning optical quantum magnetometer with submicron spatial resolution is proposed that is based on the phenomenon of hole burning in the signal of optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) on atomic-sized color centers in silicon carbide crystals under conditions of spin level saturation by means of additional high-frequency resonance pumping. An increase in the sensitivity is achieved due to narrowing of the ODMR line and increasing slope of the dependence of signal frequency on the magnetic field.
The optical and ODMR spectra of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond were investigated as applied to the development of micro-scale diamond magnetometer sensor. It is shown that the NV 0 center (unlike the NV − center) has an absorption line in the UV range. The inversion of the zero phonon line of the NV − center was observed and explained. ODMR signals in high magnetic fields (as compared with inner fields in the crystal) as well as in weak fields also were investigated. We propose the solution to the problem of the magnetometer sensitivity reduction at low magnetic field, that is of interest for quantum magnetometry applications.
Optically addressable solid-state color center spin qubits have become important platforms for quantum information processing, quantum networks and quantum sensing. The readout of color center spin states with optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) technology is traditionally based on Stokes excitation, where the energy of the exciting laser is higher than that of the emission photons. Here, we investigate an unconventional approach using anti-Stokes excitation to detect the ODMR signal of silicon vacancy defect spin in silicon carbide, where the exciting laser has lower energy than the emitted photons. Laser power, microwave power and temperature dependence of the anti-Stokes excited ODMR are systematically studied, in which the behavior of ODMR contrast and linewidth is shown to be similar to that of Stokes excitation. However, the ODMR contrast is several times that of the Stokes excitation. Coherent control of silicon vacancy spin under anti-Stokes excitation is then realized at room temperature. The spin coherence properties are the same as those of Stokes excitation, but with a signal contrast that is around three times greater. To illustrate the enhanced spin readout contrast under anti-Stokes excitation, we also provide a theoretical model. The experiments demonstrate that the current anti-Stokes excitation ODMR approach has promising applications in quantum information processing and quantum sensing.
We present a theoretical study of optical magnetic-resonance imaging (OMRI), an extension of magnetic-resonance imaging to the optical frequency domain. OMRI images the spatial distribution of centers with field-dependent optical transitions by projection reconstruction from multiple tomographic scans. Spatial resolution is limited by magnetic-field gradient strengths and transition linewidths. These restrict the choice of systems accessible to OMRI, and rare-earth ions are identified as possible candidates. High-resolution laser spectroscopic techniques that overcome the effect of inhomogeneous broadening of electronic transitions are discussed. OMRI by transient hole-burning spectroscopy is presented as one approach for subwavelength spatial imaging, and its sensitivity is calculated. Submicrometer spatial resolution is possible by employing very-high-field gradients (>10 T/cm) and centers exhibiting megahertz linewidths.
Magnetometry by using NV center, a localized coherent spin consisting of a pair of nitrogen atom and atomic void, in diamond is now regarded as a promising technique due to its potential for high sensitivity and miniaturization. The primary application for NV magnetometry was realized by optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR). There have been plenty of reports on demonstration of magnetic sensing by using ODMR1. Towards simpler and more reliable implementation of NV magnetometry, photocurrent-detected magnetic resonance2 (PDMR) is one of the key technologies to bypass the bulky confocal optics that are necessary for ODMR-based photoluminescence detection. In a PDMR scheme, meanwhile, we use photocurrent to read out the NV spin state, which necessitates laser irradiation only for photoexcitation and spin initialization. The key for high sensitivity of PDMR-based magnetometry3 is low noise to spin-dependent signal ratio. For this sake, it is essential to mitigate the unwanted spin-independent photocurrent while maximizing the PDMR signal. In this study, we employed two different laser power and time4 in the pulse sequence to improve the signal to noise ratio5. As a result, the magnetic sensitivity as high as 13 nT/Hz0.5 was achieved.
A high-sensitivity optically pumped atomic magnetometer working in the geomagnetic range utilizing the light-narrowing effect and in-phase excitation is described. The setup is based on a simple pump–probe arrangement built around a Cs vapor cell whose active volume is 64 mm3. The transverse oscillating field is applied parallel to the probe beam to drive Zeeman resonance, and the in-phase component of the resonance signal is measured to determine the field. The sensitivity of the magnetometer is improved by pumping most atoms into the stretched state. Consequently, spin-exchange relaxation is suppressed, and a sensitivity of 0.1 pT/Hz1/2 in the range of 10 μT is achieved. This magnetometer has the advantages of large dynamic range, high performance of low-frequency stabilization, high response speed, and compact size. It can be used for many cutting-edge applications such as detection of magnetic anomalies.