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Novel Quantum Phases in Low Dimensions

Zhao Zhang

Published Apr 28, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

I remember during my first conversation with Israel, he introduced me to amplituhedron, a newly proposed alternative to quantum field theory, to point out the fallacy in my reasoning behind switching from high energy phenomenology to condensed matter theory, worrying that the former already has a well-developed framework and nothing original is left to be done.This exemplifies not only his consistently high expectation of student, but also his completely optimistic attitude towards research, both of which are key to the completion of my thesis.Yet, what I feel most lucky about is that he genuinely cares about my research interests and always goes out of his way to accommodate them.Upon his arrival, Jeffrey diagnosed my inefficient bottom-up approach to research and helped me transform to a top-down method and get on track as quickly as possible, which he did with incredible patience.I'm grateful for the various learning opportunities he provided to attend conferences and give presentations.Despite being a young professor, he is a walking encyclopedia of his research area, and it's just reassuring to know that any question I have, I can have it answered right here in his office.My learning from Jeffrey goes beyond physics, as he also sets a good example of being a great scholar and a great person.iii I thank professor Paul Fendley for showing me the beauty of statistical mechanics.Attending his insight-filled lectures has been for high of my week for two semesters, and to date reading his crystal clear articles is still my not-so-guilty pleasure.

DOI
10.18130/v3gm0v

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I remember during my first conversation with Israel, he introduced me to amplituhedron, a newly proposed alternative to quantum field theory, to point out the fallacy in my reasoning behind switching from high energy phenomenology to condensed matter theory, worrying that the former already has a well-developed framework and nothing original is left to be done.This exemplifies not only his consistently high expectation of student, but also his completely optimistic attitude towards research, both of which are key to the completion of my thesis.Yet, what I feel most lucky about is that he genuinely cares about my research interests and always goes out of his way to accommodate them.Upon his arrival, Jeffrey diagnosed my inefficient bottom-up approach to research and helped me transform to a top-down method and get on track as quickly as possible, which he did with incredible patience.I'm grateful for the various learning opportunities he provided to attend conferences and give presentations.Despite being a young professor, he is a walking encyclopedia of his research area, and it's just reassuring to know that any question I have, I can have it answered right here in his office.My learning from Jeffrey goes beyond physics, as he also sets a good example of being a great scholar and a great person.iii I thank professor Paul Fendley for showing me the beauty of statistical mechanics.Attending his insight-filled lectures has been for high of my week for two semesters, and to date reading his crystal clear articles is still my not-so-guilty pleasure.
Not only is David Wineland a great scientist, as the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences recently confirmed, he is also an exceptional human being.I had the privilege of working for Dave as a PhD student from 1997 to 2001, developing one of the first quantum computers. Our team used individual trapped ions: charged atoms suspended in vacuum by electric fields. Since the early 1970s, Dave had developed a huge range of techniques for trapping ions and controlling their quantum behavior. Our task was to go from controlling a single ion to controlling two, three, or four.The team consisted of NIST staff member Christopher Monroe (now a professor at the University of Maryland’s Joint Quantum Institute and a world leader in his own right), four postdoctoral researchers, a student nearing PhD completion, and me—the junior student. A standard university lab is lucky to have one or two postdoctoral researchers managing a herd of PhD students. Here the postdocs were the backbone of the team.Dave’s quiet, understated, but ever-present guidance was the key that helped me, as a fumbling junior student, find my way among such a crowd of experts. Dave valued everyone, and we all responded to his attitude by giving our best to the team. Of course, we wanted to advance in our careers, but we also wanted to help each other the way Dave helped each of us. His concern for all was reflected in the patience that the senior researchers showed with me.My experience is just one example of Dave’s exceptional conduct toward his colleagues. Through vicissitudes of competition or technical obstacles to research, Dave has good words for everyone, from junior members of his team to internationally recognized scientists. He is the first to recognize the contributions of others and often the last to point out his own. Many members of the quantum physics community have even feared that his modesty has cost him some appreciation, so this long-deserved Nobel Prize is all the sweeter.One can hardly overstate Dave’s influence on the atomic and quantum physics communities over the past five decades. As with Norman Ramsey, his own PhD adviser a generation earlier, it sometimes seems like half of the field’s best researchers have worked with Dave, and the best young physicists in the field still flock to his lab.Dave’s team continues to grow in size and quality and is outstripped only by his own creativity and dedication. Any day now, I fully expect him to astonish me and the rest of his colleagues with yet another new and unlikely idea that somehow turns out beautifully. I hope many more junior PhD students have the same good fortune that I did, the day I came to work for Dave.© 2013 American Institute of Physics.
This thesis is dedicated to my dearest wife, Yingyan, who has been a constant source of inspiration and support through all stages of my life since high school, and to our lovely boy, Logan, who came to our family just before the thesis was finished. iv Acknowledgments First, I would like to thank my advisor Professor Jonas Zmuidzinas for giving me the opportunity to work on this great project of MKID. I came to Caltech in 2002 and originally planned to work in the field of optics. Failing to join any optics group on campus, I luckily ran across Jonas in a talk on MKID he gave to the students in applied physics major. These detectors made of resonators immediately attracted my interest. I still remember the interview that took place at Jonas ’ office. Desperate to join a research group, I was advertising how good I was in both theory and experiment. At some point I mentioned that I had taken a mathematical course on stochastic process, which had caught Jonas ’ attention. He immediately gave me a quiz, asking me to state the Weiner-Kinchin theorem. Fortunately, I was able to give the correct answer promptly. He was very satisfied and said, “Let me show you the lab.” That was how I joined the MKID group and also where my journey of noise study started. It
com apoio da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Brasil.Processos nº 2022/01421-9 e nº 2022/14069-1.Eu agradeço muito pelo suporte financeiro, que me permitiu atender eventos importantes do meu campo de pesquisa e a fazer um intercâmbio inesquecível.iv I would first like to thank my advisor, Bárbara Amaral.Her guidance over these almost four years of undergraduate and master's studies has been essential to my development as a student and researcher.Thank you for all your patience, for giving me so many incredible opportunities, and for showing me that it is possible to do physics without giving up on other important aspects of life.Thank you for being an incredible person, in whom I draw inspiration.I hope to continue learning a lot from you and gossiping over coffee breaks at conferences and IFQIFs.To my parents, Maria de Fátima and Jones, who are my foundation and the loves of my life.I am immensely grateful for all the support you have given me.This work is largely the result of your efforts.Mom, thank you for being strong, loving and for teaching me to believe in myself.Dad, thank you for supporting me, making awful jokes (which I laugh at from time to time), and for teaching me that life is too short not to enjoy the people we love.So thank you very much, I love you.To my siblings, Gabriela and Matheus, for being my biggest inspirations, even though I try hard not to admit it in front of you.Gabi, thank you for being the sweetest person I know (and the fiercest too!).You have the gift of making me feel welcome and comfortable.Being with you is easy.Math, thanks for getting excited about me studying something remotely close to quantum computing and genuinely believing that I'm going to get rich from it.If that happens, although it's highly unlikely, I'll dedicate part of the fortune to you.But beyond that, thank you for showing me that someone so serious and responsible can be so playful and kind.And to my brother and sister-in-law, Luc and Malu, thank you for making Gabi and Math so happy.I love you all.And Malu, thanks for Sosô.To my grandparents, Eunice, Jurandir, Victória and Olize.Abuela, know that the most important part of who I am today comes from you.Thank you for teaching me to laugh on difficult days and to look at life through the eyes of a child.Grandpa, I didn't have the privilege of knowing you, but thank you for raising this family with grandma.Vivitória, you're not here anymore either, but I'll never forget talking to you by the wood-burning stove on cold mornings in Caçador.And Grandpa, "Life is bitter enough already, isn't it?Barbarity."So I'll try to write happier things next.