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Optics Express

Solid-state pulsed microwave emitter based on Rydberg excitons

David Ziemkiewicz, Sylwia Zielińska‐Raczyńska

Published Jun 3, 2019• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

O could be used as a gain medium in a solid-state maser. By taking advantage of radiative microwave transitions between highly excited Rydberg states, one can achieve population inversion and masing in a wide range of wavelengths. In the pulsed emission regime, the considered excitonic system is characterized by intricate and rich dynamics, which are investigated numerically, taking into account several key features of the medium, such as strong Stark shift of energy levels and the presence of the Rydberg blockade effect.

DOI
10.1364/oe.27.016983

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O could be used as a gain medium in a solid-state maser. By taking advantage of radiative microwave transitions between highly excited Rydberg states, one can achieve population inversion and masing in a wide range of wavelengths. In the pulsed emission regime, the considered excitonic system is characterized by intricate and rich dynamics, which are investigated numerically, taking into account several key features of the medium, such as strong Stark shift of energy levels and the presence of the Rydberg blockade effect.
Superradiance and transient maser action have been obtained at millimeter wavelengths with alkali Rydberg atoms as the active medium. The emission was detected by monitoring the evolution of Rydberg-state populations using field ionization. Because of the strong Rydberg-atom-radiation-field coupling, the number of radiators at threshold is far smaller than in conventional masers. The estimated radiated energy is extremely low, 10 to 103{10}^{3}103 eV. Applications for spectroscopy and microwave detectors are considered.
The operation of maser devices using highly excited Rydberg atoms as active medium is investigated. These systems, working in a transient regime reminiscent of super-radiance generate few-hundred-ns-long bursts of mm-wave radiation. They are characterized by extremely low inversion density thresholds (${N}_{0}\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{4}$ atoms typically) and very small peak power outputs (in the ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$- to ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$-watt range). This study is interesting in the context of new tests of super-radiance and electrodynamics theory. It also opens new possibilities in the important domain of mm-wave amplification and detection. In this paper, we present a simple semiclassical theory of transient Rydberg maser operation and we report the experimental observation of a large number of maser emission lines on Na atoms, spanning a wide frequency interval ($60<\ensuremath{\nu}<950$ GHz). The technique used to monitor the emission is the indirect field ionization procedure which reveals fast radiative transfers occurring between Rydberg levels. Another method involving the direct detection of the maser radiation by a heterodyne receiver is described in a subsequent paper, along with a report on the investigation of various effects related to the triggering of the transient maser emission by external radiation.
Abstract Bound states of electron–hole pairs in semiconductors demonstrate a hydrogen-like behavior in their high-lying excited states that are also known as Rydberg exciton states. The strong interaction between excitons in levels with high principal quantum numbers prevents the creation of more than one exciton in a small crystal; resulting in the Rydberg blockade effect. Here, we propose a new kind of solid-state single-photon source based on the recently observed Rydberg blockade effect for excitons in cuprous oxide. Our quantitative estimates based on single and double excitation probability dynamics indicate that GHz rates and values of the second-order correlation function g 2 ( 0 ) below the percent level can be simultaneously achievable. These results should pave the way to explore applications of Rydberg excitons in photonic quantum information processing.