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arXiv:1806.07920

Tunable Rydberg excitons maser

David Ziemkiewicz, Sylwia Zielińska‐Raczyńska

Published May 31, 2018• 0 citations
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Abstract

We propose a solid state maser based on Cu2O, where ensemble of highly excited Rydberg exciton states serves as a gain medium. We show that the system is highly tunable with external electric field, allowing for a wide range of emission frequencies. Numerical simulations of system dynamics are performed to optimize the conditions for efficient masing and estimate the emission power.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1806.07920

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Emission Dynamics of Rydberg Excitons in Cu2O\mathbf{\mathrm{Cu_2O}}Cu2​O: Distinguishing Second Harmonic Generation from Secondary Emission
Rydberg excitons in Cu2O\mathrm{Cu_2O}Cu2​O simultaneously give rise to two very different optical responses under resonant two-photon excitation: a coherent second-harmonic signal mediated by the excitonic second order susceptibility tensor χ(2)χ^{(2)}χ(2), and a secondary emission originating from the radiative decay of real exciton populations. Distinguishing these two channels is essential for interpreting nonlinear and quantum-optical experiments based on high-nnn states, yet their temporal, spectral, and power-dependent signatures often overlap. Here we use time-resolved resonant two-photon excitation to cleanly separate SHG and SE and to map how each depends on nnn, temperature, excitation power, and crystal quality. This approach reveals the markedly different sensitivities of the two processes to phonons, defects, and many-body effects, and establishes practical criteria for identifying SE and SHG in a wide range of experimental conditions. Our results provide a unified framework for interpreting emission from Rydberg excitons and offer guidelines for future studies aiming to exploit their nonlinear response and long-range interactions.
Abstract Rydberg excitons (analogues of Rydberg atoms in condensed matter systems) are highly excited bound electron-hole states with large Bohr radii. The interaction between them as well as exciton coupling to light may lead to strong optical nonlinearity, with applications in sensing and quantum information processing. Here, we achieve strong effective photon–photon interactions (Kerr-like optical nonlinearity) via the Rydberg blockade phenomenon and the hybridisation of excitons and photons forming polaritons in a Cu2O-filled microresonator. Under pulsed resonant excitation polariton resonance frequencies are renormalised due to the reduction of the photon-exciton coupling with increasing exciton density. Theoretical analysis shows that the Rydberg blockade plays a major role in the experimentally observed scaling of the polariton nonlinearity coefficient as ∝ n4.4±1.8 for principal quantum numbers up to n = 7. Such high principal quantum numbers studied in a polariton system for the first time are essential for realisation of high Rydberg optical nonlinearities, which paves the way towards quantum optical applications and fundamental studies of strongly correlated photonic (polaritonic) states in a solid state system.