Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

International Journal of Quantum Information

A novel quantum steganography scheme based on ASCII

Jia Luo, Ri‐Gui Zhou, XingAo Liu, WenWen Hu, Guangzhong Liu

Published Jun 1, 2019• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Based on the novel enhanced quantum representation for quantum image (NEQR), a new blind quantum steganography scheme is proposed. In this scheme, an improved quantum representation of text utilizing American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) is provided that uses two qubit sequences to store the same quantum text message. The general embedding process of the scheme is as follows: First, the cover image of size [Formula: see text] will be divided into eight blocks of size [Formula: see text] and the secret quantum text of size [Formula: see text] is scrambled by Gray code transform method. Then, the disorder quantum text is embedded into the eight blocks of cover image employing the Gray code as a judgment condition. Meanwhile, the corresponding quantum circuits are drawn. Through the analysis of all quantum circuits, it can be concluded that the scheme has a lower complexity that is [Formula: see text]. And the performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed in terms of simulation results of three items: visual quality, capacity and robustness.

DOI
10.1142/s0219749919500333

Related papers

A Novel Quantum Steganography Scheme Based on ASCII

Ri‐Gui Zhou, Jia Luo

Based on the novel enhanced quantum representation for quantum image (NEQR), a new blind quantum steganography scheme is proposed. In this scheme, an improved quantum representation of text utilizing ASCII is provided that uses two qubit sequences to store the same quantum text message. The general embedding process of the scheme is as follows: firstly, the cover image of sized \n\n\n2\nn\n\n√ó\n\n2\nn\n\n\n will be divided into eight blocks of sized \n\n\n2\n\nn\n‚àí\n2\n\n\n√ó\n\n2\n\nn\n‚àí\n1\n\n\n\n, and the secret quantum text of sized \n\n\n2\n\nn\n‚àí\n2\n\n\n√ó\n\n2\n\nn\n‚àí\n1\n\n\n\n is scrambled by Gray code transform method. Then, the disorder quantum text is embedded into the eight blocks of cover image employing the Gray code as a judgment condition. Meanwhile, the corresponding quantum circuits are drawn. Through the analysis of all quantum circuits, it can be concluded that the scheme has a lower complexity, that is, O(n). And the performance of the proposed scheme is analyzing in terms of simulation results of three items: visual quality, circuit complexity, and robustness.

IntechOpen eBooks•May 31, 2019•4 citations

A quantum steganography scheme using quantum wavelet transforms

Chao Gao, Ri‐Gui Zhou, Xin Li

Quantum steganography is a technology which can hide information effectively for achieving copyright protection. In this paper, a quantum steganography scheme using quantum wavelet transform and the novel enhanced quantum representation for quantum image is proposed, and this scheme can embed the secret text of size [Formula: see text] into a [Formula: see text] gray-scale carrier image. In the scrambling operation, the text is scrambled by the scrambling circuit including bit-reverse, quantum equal and CNOT gate to improve its security. Before embedding, the carrier image is first transformed by 1-level quantum Haar wavelet transform, and then its low-frequency part is divided into blocks. The simulation results suggest that the proposed scheme has good performance in visual quality and robustness. Finally, through the analysis of circuit complexity, the scheme has low complexity O(n).

Modern Physics Letters B•Jun 17, 2022•3 citations

Quantum steganography based on reflected gray code for color images

Hong Yu Xiao, Panchi Li

Digital steganography is the art and science of hiding information in covert channels, so as to conceal the information and prevent the detection of hidden messages. On the classic computer, the principle and method of digital steganography has been widely and deeply studied, and has been initially extended to the field of quantum computing. Quantum image steganography is a relatively active branch of quantum image processing, and the main strategy currently used is to modify the LSB of the cover image pixels. For the existing LSB-based quantum image steganography schemes, the embedding capacity is no more than 3 bits per pixel. Therefore, it is meaningful to study how to improve the embedding capacity of quantum image steganography. This work presents a novel steganography using reflected Gray code for color quantum images, and the embedding capacity of this scheme is up to 6 bits per pixel. In proposed scheme, the secret qubit sequence is considered as a sequence of 6-bit segments. For 6 bits in each segment, the first 3 bits are embedded into the second LSB of RGB channels of the cover image, and the remaining 3 bits are embedded into the LSB of RGB channels of the cover image using reflected-Gray code to determine the embedded bit from secret information. Following the transforming rule, the LSBs of stego-image are not always same as the secret bits and the differences are up to almost 50%. Experimental results confirm that the proposed scheme shows good performance and outperforms the previous ones currently found in the literature in terms of embedding capacity.

Intelligent Decision Technologies•Sep 29, 2020•0 citations

A novel quantum steganography scheme for color images

Panchi Li, Xiande Liu

In quantum image steganography, embedding capacity and security are two important issues. This paper presents a novel quantum steganography scheme using color images as cover images. First, the secret information is divided into 3-bit segments, and then each 3-bit segment is embedded into the LSB of one color pixel in the cover image according to its own value and using Gray code mapping rules. Extraction is the inverse of embedding. We designed the quantum circuits that implement the embedding and extracting process. The simulation results on a classical computer show that the proposed scheme outperforms several other existing schemes in terms of embedding capacity and security.

International Journal of Quantum Information•Mar 1, 2018•23 citations

QISLSQb: A Quantum Image Steganography Scheme Based on Least Significant Qubit

Tie-jun ZHANG, Bassem Abd-El-Atty, Mohammed A. Amin +1 more

In this paper, a new quantum image steganography scheme to embed quantum secrete gray image into quantum cover image is proposed. In the proposed scheme, the quantum secret image scrambled utilizing Arnold cat map and embedding the result into quantum cover image using two least significant qubit (LSQb).The extracting process need only stego image to extract the embedded secret image. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme has good invisibility and high capacity.

DEStech Transactions on Computer Science and Engineering•Jun 21, 2017•20 citations

Efficient and Secure Communication of Quantum Image Steganography using 3-way’s of Authentication

K. C. Chandana, Vaithianathan Geetha

The concept of Cryptography and Steganography is not a new technique, even though it is ancient but not static. In Cryptography and Steganography the new emerging techniques are done using Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Physics. In this paper, mainly works on how to use Quantum Technique in cryptography system and in field of steganography. Steganography is a process of hiding information of the different types of media files (audio, text, image and video) in another media files. In this paper, mainly the quantum steganography works for two imagery files. The quantum secret image will be hiding in the Quantum Cover image. In this process of hiding of information or image, need to select the pixels. The Qbits used to store the secret image are two most and least significant Qbits. The secret image will be scrambled first, using Arnold’s cat map technique, and then will be embedded into Quantum Cover picture. The Stegno Image is sufficient to extract the secret information. The NEQR quantum representation model is used for converting image into quantum states. The simulation result and analysis demonstrates that the proposed scheme has good visibility and high embedding capacity.

•Jul 1, 2019•3 citations
Based on the novel enhanced quantum representation for quantum image (NEQR), a new blind quantum steganography scheme is proposed. In this scheme, an improved quantum representation of text utilizing American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) is provided that uses two qubit sequences to store the same quantum text message. The general embedding process of the scheme is as follows: First, the cover image of size [Formula: see text] will be divided into eight blocks of size [Formula: see text] and the secret quantum text of size [Formula: see text] is scrambled by Gray code transform method. Then, the disorder quantum text is embedded into the eight blocks of cover image employing the Gray code as a judgment condition. Meanwhile, the corresponding quantum circuits are drawn. Through the analysis of all quantum circuits, it can be concluded that the scheme has a lower complexity that is [Formula: see text]. And the performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed in terms of simulation results of three items: visual quality, capacity and robustness.
Based on the novel enhanced quantum representation for quantum image (NEQR), a new blind quantum steganography scheme is proposed. In this scheme, an improved quantum representation of text utilizing ASCII is provided that uses two qubit sequences to store the same quantum text message. The general embedding process of the scheme is as follows: firstly, the cover image of sized \n\n\n2\nn\n\n√ó\n\n2\nn\n\n\n will be divided into eight blocks of sized \n\n\n2\n\nn\n‚àí\n2\n\n\n√ó\n\n2\n\nn\n‚àí\n1\n\n\n\n, and the secret quantum text of sized \n\n\n2\n\nn\n‚àí\n2\n\n\n√ó\n\n2\n\nn\n‚àí\n1\n\n\n\n is scrambled by Gray code transform method. Then, the disorder quantum text is embedded into the eight blocks of cover image employing the Gray code as a judgment condition. Meanwhile, the corresponding quantum circuits are drawn. Through the analysis of all quantum circuits, it can be concluded that the scheme has a lower complexity, that is, O(n). And the performance of the proposed scheme is analyzing in terms of simulation results of three items: visual quality, circuit complexity, and robustness.
Quantum steganography is a technology which can hide information effectively for achieving copyright protection. In this paper, a quantum steganography scheme using quantum wavelet transform and the novel enhanced quantum representation for quantum image is proposed, and this scheme can embed the secret text of size [Formula: see text] into a [Formula: see text] gray-scale carrier image. In the scrambling operation, the text is scrambled by the scrambling circuit including bit-reverse, quantum equal and CNOT gate to improve its security. Before embedding, the carrier image is first transformed by 1-level quantum Haar wavelet transform, and then its low-frequency part is divided into blocks. The simulation results suggest that the proposed scheme has good performance in visual quality and robustness. Finally, through the analysis of circuit complexity, the scheme has low complexity O(n).
Digital steganography is the art and science of hiding information in covert channels, so as to conceal the information and prevent the detection of hidden messages. On the classic computer, the principle and method of digital steganography has been widely and deeply studied, and has been initially extended to the field of quantum computing. Quantum image steganography is a relatively active branch of quantum image processing, and the main strategy currently used is to modify the LSB of the cover image pixels. For the existing LSB-based quantum image steganography schemes, the embedding capacity is no more than 3 bits per pixel. Therefore, it is meaningful to study how to improve the embedding capacity of quantum image steganography. This work presents a novel steganography using reflected Gray code for color quantum images, and the embedding capacity of this scheme is up to 6 bits per pixel. In proposed scheme, the secret qubit sequence is considered as a sequence of 6-bit segments. For 6 bits in each segment, the first 3 bits are embedded into the second LSB of RGB channels of the cover image, and the remaining 3 bits are embedded into the LSB of RGB channels of the cover image using reflected-Gray code to determine the embedded bit from secret information. Following the transforming rule, the LSBs of stego-image are not always same as the secret bits and the differences are up to almost 50%. Experimental results confirm that the proposed scheme shows good performance and outperforms the previous ones currently found in the literature in terms of embedding capacity.
In quantum image steganography, embedding capacity and security are two important issues. This paper presents a novel quantum steganography scheme using color images as cover images. First, the secret information is divided into 3-bit segments, and then each 3-bit segment is embedded into the LSB of one color pixel in the cover image according to its own value and using Gray code mapping rules. Extraction is the inverse of embedding. We designed the quantum circuits that implement the embedding and extracting process. The simulation results on a classical computer show that the proposed scheme outperforms several other existing schemes in terms of embedding capacity and security.
The concept of Cryptography and Steganography is not a new technique, even though it is ancient but not static. In Cryptography and Steganography the new emerging techniques are done using Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Physics. In this paper, mainly works on how to use Quantum Technique in cryptography system and in field of steganography. Steganography is a process of hiding information of the different types of media files (audio, text, image and video) in another media files. In this paper, mainly the quantum steganography works for two imagery files. The quantum secret image will be hiding in the Quantum Cover image. In this process of hiding of information or image, need to select the pixels. The Qbits used to store the secret image are two most and least significant Qbits. The secret image will be scrambled first, using Arnold’s cat map technique, and then will be embedded into Quantum Cover picture. The Stegno Image is sufficient to extract the secret information. The NEQR quantum representation model is used for converting image into quantum states. The simulation result and analysis demonstrates that the proposed scheme has good visibility and high embedding capacity.