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Results in Physics

Light amplification without population inversion in one-dimensional photonic crystal doped by rare-earth ions

Ahmad Kamkar, Mostafa Sahrai, Jafar Poursamad Bonab, Sohrab Ahmadi-Kandjani

Published May 2, 2019• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Probe field amplification without population inversion in a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) doped by four-level rare-earth ions is proposed. By controlling the intensity of the coupling field, probe field absorption with population inversion converts to probe field amplification without population inversion. It is found that the amount of probe field amplification through the photonic crystal doped by rare-earth ions is larger than the probe field amplification for the same ions in free space. For a particular coupling field intensity, i.e. Ωc=5.1Γ, the probe field absorption converts to probe field amplification just by manipulating the probe field detuning.

DOI
10.1016/j.rinp.2019.102317

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Probe field amplification without population inversion in a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) doped by four-level rare-earth ions is proposed. By controlling the intensity of the coupling field, probe field absorption with population inversion converts to probe field amplification without population inversion. It is found that the amount of probe field amplification through the photonic crystal doped by rare-earth ions is larger than the probe field amplification for the same ions in free space. For a particular coupling field intensity, i.e. Ωc=5.1Γ, the probe field absorption converts to probe field amplification just by manipulating the probe field detuning.
Summary form only given: Amplification in rare-earth doped solid state planar optical structures has attracted a lot of interest in recent years due to the fact that the rare earth ions show sharp absorption and emission bands and relatively long luminescence lifetimes. In particular the erbium (Er) ion is very attractive because of its intra 4f-transition from the first excited state to the ground state around 1.53 mum (4I13/2-4I15/2). The main problem of the erbium doped waveguide amplifiers (EDWAs) is that high values of the Er3+concentration are required to reach high gain figures in a compact length, but in this way the concentration quenching effects become very considerable and detrimental to the optical gain, since they reduce the population in the first excited state. A good solution to overcome this dramatic drawback is to consider erbium doped photonic crystal amplifier (EDPCA). In fact the small group velocity of electromagnetic eigenmodes brings about the enhancement of stimulated emission if the photonic crystals are doped by active media as the rare earth ions E3+r or Yt3+. This phenomenon originates from the long interaction time between radiation field and the matter caused by the small group velocity near the edge of the photonic band gap. The efficient confinement of light is achievable not only by tuning the input signal at the band edge of the gap of the photonic crystal but it is also obtainable by introducing local defects inside photonic crystals. The density of electromagnetic states inside a cavity is significantly modified and the spontaneous emission of atoms in a cavity can be either enhanced or inhibited. Erbium doped silica-titania one-dimensional photonic crystal microcavities have been analyzed by solving the erbium rate equations and the Maxwell equations by means of an auxiliary differential equation finite difference time domain technique. Since the performance of optical amplifiers depends on the populations of the energy levels participating in radiative transitions, determined principally by the distribution and concentration of the rare-earth ions and by the pumping conditions, the relations between these parameters and the transmittance of the EDPCMA have been studied
Abstract In this paper, we examine the transmission of a probe field through a one dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) when the sixth layer of the crystal is doped with four level atoms. We analyze effects of the external driving field on the passage of weak probe field across the photonic crystal. It is found that for the phase time delay of the probe photons, intensity of the driving field switches the Hartman effect from sub to superluminal character. It is interesting to note that in our model, the superluminal transmission of the probe pulse is accompanied by a negligibly small absorption of the incident beam. It ensures that the probe field does not attenuate while passing through the photonic crystal. A similar switching of the Hartman effect may be obtained by adjusting detuning of the probe field related to the excited states of the four-level doping atoms .
Improving and controlling the efficiency of a gain medium is one of the most challenging problems of laser research. By measuring the gain length in an opal-based photonic crystal (PhC) doped with laser dye, we demonstrate that optical amplification is more than twenty -fold enhanced along the Γ-K symmetry directions of the face centered-cubic photonic crystal. The samples under study are dye doped thin-film artificial opals, from which gain is extracted by using the stripe length technique: the spontaneous emitted photons, traveling in the direction of the pumped stripe, undergo an exponential amplification of the intensity as they pass through an area of population inversion. This can be quantified by the gain coefficient G which we demonstrate do depend from the propagation direction.