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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Two-qubit quantum bath engineering in near-resonance regime

Zhaoqi Leng, Gengyan Zhang, Basil M. Smitham, Andrew Houck

Published Mar 9, 2018• 0 citations
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Abstract A Rabi dimer is used to model a recently reported circuit quantum electrodynamics system composed of two coupled transmission‐line resonators with each being coupled to one qubit. In this study, a phonon bath is adopted to mimic the multimode micromechanical resonators and is coupled to the qubits in the Rabi dimer. The dynamical behavior of the composite system is studied by the Dirac–Frenkel time‐dependent variational principle combined with the multiple Davydov D2 ansätze. Initially, all the photons are pumped into the left resonator, and the two qubits are in the down state coupled with the phonon vacuum. In the strong qubit–photon coupling regime, the photon dynamics can be engineered by tuning the qubit–bath coupling strength α and photon delocalization is achieved by increasing α. In the absence of dissipation, photons are localized in the initial resonator. Nevertheless, with moderate qubit–bath coupling, photons are delocalized with quasiequilibration of the photon population in two resonators at long times. In this case, high‐frequency bath modes are activated by interacting with depolarized qubits. For strong dissipation, photon delocalization is achieved via frequent photon‐hopping within two resonators and the qubits are suppressed in their initial down state.

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Exploring the quantum world often starts by drawing a sharp boundary between a microscopic subsystem and the bath to which it is invariably coupled. In most cases, knowledge of the physical processes occuring in the bath is not required in great detail. However, recent developments in circuit quantum electrodynamics are presenting regimes where the actual dynamics of engineered baths, such as microwave photon resonators, becomes relevant. Here we take a major technological step forward, by tailoring a centimeter-scale on-chip bath from a very long metamaterial made of 4700 tunable Josephson junctions. By monitoring how each measurable bosonic resonance of the circuit acquires a phase-shift due to its interaction with a transmon qubit, one can indirectly measure qubit properties, such as transition frequency, linewidth and non-linearity. This new platform also demonstrates the ultra-strong coupling regime for the first time in the context of Josephson waveguides. Our device combines a large number of modes (up to 10 in the present setup) that are simultaneously hybridised with the two-level system, and a broadening dominated by the artificial environment that is a sizeable fraction of the qubit transition frequency. Finally, we provide a quantitative and parameter-free model of this large quantum system, and show that the finite environment seen by the qubit is equivalent to a truly macroscopic bath.

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Towards Many-Body Quantum Engineering in a Near-Concentric Optical Cavity

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Abstract A Rabi dimer is used to model a recently reported circuit quantum electrodynamics system composed of two coupled transmission‐line resonators with each being coupled to one qubit. In this study, a phonon bath is adopted to mimic the multimode micromechanical resonators and is coupled to the qubits in the Rabi dimer. The dynamical behavior of the composite system is studied by the Dirac–Frenkel time‐dependent variational principle combined with the multiple Davydov D2 ansätze. Initially, all the photons are pumped into the left resonator, and the two qubits are in the down state coupled with the phonon vacuum. In the strong qubit–photon coupling regime, the photon dynamics can be engineered by tuning the qubit–bath coupling strength α and photon delocalization is achieved by increasing α. In the absence of dissipation, photons are localized in the initial resonator. Nevertheless, with moderate qubit–bath coupling, photons are delocalized with quasiequilibration of the photon population in two resonators at long times. In this case, high‐frequency bath modes are activated by interacting with depolarized qubits. For strong dissipation, photon delocalization is achieved via frequent photon‐hopping within two resonators and the qubits are suppressed in their initial down state.
Exploring the quantum world often starts by drawing a sharp boundary between a microscopic subsystem and the bath to which it is invariably coupled. In most cases, knowledge of the physical processes occuring in the bath is not required in great detail. However, recent developments in circuit quantum electrodynamics are presenting regimes where the actual dynamics of engineered baths, such as microwave photon resonators, becomes relevant. Here we take a major technological step forward, by tailoring a centimeter-scale on-chip bath from a very long metamaterial made of 4700 tunable Josephson junctions. By monitoring how each measurable bosonic resonance of the circuit acquires a phase-shift due to its interaction with a transmon qubit, one can indirectly measure qubit properties, such as transition frequency, linewidth and non-linearity. This new platform also demonstrates the ultra-strong coupling regime for the first time in the context of Josephson waveguides. Our device combines a large number of modes (up to 10 in the present setup) that are simultaneously hybridised with the two-level system, and a broadening dominated by the artificial environment that is a sizeable fraction of the qubit transition frequency. Finally, we provide a quantitative and parameter-free model of this large quantum system, and show that the finite environment seen by the qubit is equivalent to a truly macroscopic bath.