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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

A Fast Tunable, Large Bandwidth Superconducting Microwave Switch

Hung-Shen Chang, Kevin J. Satzinger, Youpeng Zhong, Audrey Bienfait, Ming-Han Chou, Christopher R. Conner, Étienne Dumur, Joel Grebel, G. A. Peairs, Rhys G. Povey, Andrew N. Cleland

Published Mar 4, 2019• 0 citations
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Variable microwave-frequency couplers are highly useful components in classical communication systems and likely will play an important role in quantum communication applications. Conventional semiconductor-based microwave couplers have been used with superconducting quantum circuits, enabling, for example, the in situ measurements of multiple devices via a common readout chain. However, the semiconducting elements are lossy and furthermore dissipate energy when switched, making them unsuitable for cryogenic applications requiring rapid, repeated switching. Superconducting Josephson junction-based couplers can be designed for dissipation-free operation with fast switching and are easily integrated with superconducting quantum circuits. These enable on-chip, quantum-coherent routing of microwave photons, providing an appealing alternative to semiconductor switches. Here, we present and characterize a chip-based broadband microwave variable coupler, tunable over 4–8 GHz with over 1.5 GHz instantaneous bandwidth, based on the superconducting quantum interference device with two parallel Josephson junctions. The coupler is dissipation-free and features large on-off ratios in excess of 40 dB, and the coupling can be changed in about 10 ns. The simple design presented here can be readily integrated with superconducting qubit circuits and can be easily generalized to realize a four- or more port device.
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Superconducting circuits are promising candidates for future computational architectures; however, practical applications require fast operation. Here, we demonstrate fast, gate-based switching of an Al nanowire-based superconducting switch in time-domain experiments. We apply voltage pulses to the gate while monitoring the microwave transmission of the device. Utilizing the usual leakage-based operation, these measurements yield a fast, 1-2 ns switching time to the normal state, possibly limited by the bandwidth of our setup, and a 15-20 ns delay in the normal to superconducting transition. However, having a significant capacitance between the gate and the device allows for a different operation, where the displacement current, induced by the fast gate pulses, drives the transition. The switching from superconducting to the normal state yields a similar fast time scale, while in the opposite direction the switching is significantly faster (4-6 ns) than the leakage-based operation, which may be further improved by a better thermal design. The measured short time scales and the displacement current-based switching operation will be important for future fast and low-power-consumption applications.
Microwave storage and retrieval are essential capabilities for superconducting quantum circuits. Here, we demonstrate an on-chip multimode resonator in which strong parametric modulation induces a large and tunable normal-mode splitting that enables microwave storage. When the spectral bandwidth of a short microwave pulse covers the two dressed-state absorption peaks, part of the pulse is absorbed and undergoes coherent energy exchange between the modes, producing a clear time-domain beating signal. By switching off the modulation before the beating arrives, we realize on-demand storage and retrieval, demonstrating an alternative approach to microwave photonic quantum memory. This parametric-normal-mode-splitting protocol offers a practical route toward a controllable quantum-memory mechanism in superconducting circuits.