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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Many-body physics of Cesium Rydberg molecules in high principal quantum number states*

Jin Long Yang, Seth T. Rittenhouse, H. R. Sadeghpour, James P. Shaffer

Published May 31, 2018• 0 citations
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Rydberg atom, with a large principal quantum number n, has big size, long lifetime, strong long-range interactions, and so on. These properties make Rydberg atoms potential candidate of quantum gate and single-photon source. Rydberg electron can interact with nearby ground-state atom, which is polarized by the Rydberg electron and is bound to the orbit of Rydberg electrons forming Rydberg molecule. As the kinetic energy of the Rydberg electron is very low, only the lowest partial waves will contribute to the molecular potential.#br#In this paper, the low electron-atom scattering with the semi-classical approximation is introduced, and the pseudopotential of interaction between Rydberg electron and ground-state atom is used to describe the long-range Rydberg molecular potential. Molecular potential curves for cesium (nS, n=30-60) are plotted according to the results of numerical computation, from which the outermost potential depth De and the equilibrium distance r0 of long-range cesium Rydberg molecule are deduced. Potential curves of cesium Rydberg molecules are consistent with the distribution curves in radial probability densities of cesium Rydberg electrons. Dependences of De and r0 on the principal quantum number n are investigated, this has an important role for the experimental measurements. The size of a Rydberg molecule depends on the equilibrium distance r0 and is proportional to the square of effective principal quantum number (n-δ )2. The calculated outermost potential depth De of Rydberg molecule becomes smaller with the increase of principal quantum number n. Rydberg molecule is very sensitive to the external field and can be used to measure and monitor weak signals.
We report the experimental measurements of the decay rate of polar cesium nD5/2 - 6S1/2 Rydberg-ground molecules with a large principal quantum number range of 35 ≤ n ≤ 40. Rydberg molecules are prepared employing the method of two-photon photoassociation and the molecular (atomic) ions, due to autoionization (blackbody photoionization), are detected with a microchannel plate detector. The decay rate Γ of the vibrational ground state of the deep and shadow bound molecules for triplet (TΣ) and mixed singlet-triplet (S,TΣ) are measured by fitting the molecular population with the exponential function. Comparing with the parent atom, the decay rate of the polar Rydberg-ground molecule shows an obvious increase with a magnitude of a few μs. The possible dissociation mechanism of polar Rydberg-ground molecules including a collisional decay, blackbody induced decay, and coupling of adjacent Rydberg states and tunneling decay are discussed in detail. The theoretical model is induced to simulate the measurements, showing agreement.
Abstract Electrostatic multipole interactions generate long-range Rydberg–Rydberg macrodimers. We calculate the adiabatic potentials of cesium nD J 2 Rydberg macrodimers for principal quantum numbers n ranging from 56 to 62, for J = 3/2 and 5/2, and for the allowed values of the conserved sum of the atomic angular-momentum components along the internuclear axis, M . For most combinations ( n , M , J ) exactly one binding potential exists, which should give rise to Rydberg macrodimer states. We study the dependence of the adiabatic potentials on the size of the two-body basis sets used in the calculation, and on the maximal order, q max , of the multipole terms included in the calculation. We determine the binding energies and lengths of the binding adiabatic potentials, investigate their scaling behaviors as a function of the effective principal quantum number, and discuss vibrational-state wave functions. We consider the applicability of the calculated potentials and excitation rates to an experimental scheme for preparing nD J 2 Rydberg-atom macrodimers using two-color double-resonant photoassociation.
We present a characterization of the sensitivity of broadband electric field measurements in the Very High Frequency (VHF) and Ultra High Frequency (UHF) bands using AC stark shifting of Rydberg states. The dependence of the sensitivity and dynamic range of the field measurements using nD5/2 states of cesium for principal quantum numbers n= 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 is presented, detailing the intricacies involved. The frequencies considered for the measurement range from 50 MHz to 900 MHz for which a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell is used to excite the Rydberg atoms with the RF fields. The relative sensitivities achieved for various principal quantum numbers are presented. A general trend of better sensitivity for higher principal quantum numbers is observed. This work paves the way for a better understanding of the AC Stark dependent field measurements using Rydberg sensors.