The mechanism of quantum mechanics is considered as the principal method of quantum key distribution for transmitting a cryptographic key between users in unconditionally secure communication. In this paper, simulation and enhancement of the performance of SARG04 protocol have been done in terms of error correction stage using multiparity rather than single parity. In addition, the suitable length of subblock was selected depending on the values of quantum bit error rate and round number. Dynamic linear-feedback shift register circuits have been used to extend the final key. These circuits are dynamically generated by the final key. A unique linear circuit is created for each generated key.
The mechanism of quantum mechanics is considered as the principal method of quantum key distribution for transmitting a cryptographic key between users in unconditionally secure communication. In this paper, simulation and enhancement of the performance of SARG04 protocol have been done in terms of error correction stage using multiparity rather than single parity. In addition, the suitable length of subblock was selected depending on the values of quantum bit error rate and round number. Dynamic linear-feedback shift register circuits have been used to extend the final key. These circuits are dynamically generated by the final key. A unique linear circuit is created for each generated key.
Abstract this paper proposes an optimized Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol using entanglement swapping techniques to extend transmission range and improve error correction. Additionally, integrates an advanced error correction technique which is Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) and multi-hop quantum repeaters for more enhancement of the protocol performance. Hybrid Quantum Classical Error Correction Methods is applied ensuring compatibility and optimal performance and to manage the increased complexity. Simulations prove that 25% improvement in transmission distance with entanglement swapping. 50% improvement with advanced error correction and a 100% improvement with multi-hop quantum repeaters compared to existing protocols. These discoveries are supported by both theoretical analysis and simulation results, indicating significant decreases in error rates and extensions in maximum transmission distances. Comparative analysis made with existing protocols and that demonstrated the superiority of proposed approach in terms of extended secure communication distance, higher key generation rate and improved resilience to attacks.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) can be considered as the best secured technol- ogy that appreciates the quantum mechanics principals in terms of information transmission over vulnerable quantum channel. QKD ensures that both parties can share the matched secret key through particular designated method in order to protect the shared key from the intruders to eavesdrop the information. Every procedure needs its own protocol to carry out the work accordingly and there are many QKD protocols in the quantum system that can be used in the transmission. In this study, the Scarani, Acin, Ribordy and Gisin 2004 (SARG04) protocol has been choosen because of its robustness against Photon Number Split- ting (PNS) attack compared to Bennet and Brassard 1984 (BB84) protocol. It is more likely that by improving secret key rate, the system can be more robust. Therefore, enhancing the secret key rate is one of the best way to enhance the security and authentication of the communication system. The Improved SARG04 (ISARG04) was introduced in a thesis by Ghazali (2012) in order to enhance secret key rate and its confidentiality from unauthorized parties. However, the studies were not being compared with SARG04 preprocessing technique. Therefore in this study, a mathematical modeling and a comparison between the secret key rate of the preprocessing of the existing SARG04 and the proposed technique of ISARG04 will be investigated in more details.The results of this study show that the preprocessing technique of ISARG04 pro- tocol is robust within the range of Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) between 0:14625 and 0:14880. The ratio of secret key rate between ISARG04 and SARG04 is exceeds one, hence the modification is improved. This outcome has shown an improved secret key rate against PNS attack. In consequence, it is expected that this study will bring an aspiration and contribution for future QKD protocol.
Quantum communication, leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics, offers unparalleled security and efficiency for data transmission. This study integrates quantum algorithms with photonic quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, focusing on the Z-gate optical qubit algorithm and the SARG04 protocol. The Z-gate, a phase-flip operator, plays a pivotal role in maintaining coherence in photonic qubits, while the SARG04 protocol enhances security against photon-number-splitting (PNS) attacks. Simulations demonstrate that the Z-gate algorithm optimizes coherence times up to 0.995 ms, enabling longer quantum communication distances of approximately 150 km under ideal conditions. Concurrently, the SARG04 protocol generates secure keys of varying lengths (5 bits to 52 bits) depending on transmitted qubits and matching bases. By integrating these methodologies, this research aims to enhance the robustness and scalability of photonic QKD systems, bridging theoretical insights with practical implementations in quantum security.
Quantum Key Distribution QKD mechanism is based on the principles of quantum mechanics to guarantee the secure exchange of secret keys between users. In this paper, the BB84 protocol is simulated, and the enhancement of the protocol using multi-parity instead of single parity is introduced with the error correction unit.The sub-blocklength is changed dynamically in an adaptive way and according to the QBER values, also this study takes into account the channel effect on the protocol by applying four types of channels (perfect channel, low noise channel, medium noise channel and high noise channel) and all channels are assumed to be lossless.The study includes also the effect of three types of attacks (PNS, IR, PNS & IR attacks) onto the protocol performance.The simulation results show that (IR) attack have the strongest effect on the BB84 performance. Keywords : BB84, QKD, Multi-Parity, Quantum Cryptography, Security, PNS, IR, PNS & IR, attack.
A quantum stream cipher by Yuen 2000 (Y-00) protocol with a feedback shift register - a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) or a nonlinear feedback shift register - is very attractive in implementing a secure high-speed optical data transmission system for next-generation optical networking. So far, a LFSR has been used in a quantum stream cipher by Y-00 as a running key generator, rather than a nonlinear feedback shift register. But, it is well-known that an appropriately designed nonlinear feedback shift register has larger period and linear complexity than the corresponding quantities of a LFSR driven by a secret key of the same length. Although large linear complexity of a key generator does not immediately guarantee the security of the key generator itself, it forces the eavesdropper at least to collect more measurement data to carry out the attacks. This motivates us to use a nonlinear feedback shift register as a running key generator in a quantum stream cipher by Y-00. The purpose of this study is to make a quantum stream cipher more costly in terms of cryptoanalysis, enhancing the advantages of using a nonlinear feedback shift register. For this purpose, we propose a new randomization technique for a running key generator in this paper. First, we state the basics of a quantum stream cipher by Y-00. Second, we propose the randomization on a running key consisting of two different type of basis converter. To evaluate the effect of the randomization in terms of the amount of information that is extracted by her measurement, numerical simulation is performed in the cases of an optical heterodyne receiver and a quantum optimal receiver under the assumption that the eavesdropper knows plaintext. Finally, we summarize the results.
Most qubit-based quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols extract the secure key merely from single-photon component of the attenuated lasers. However, with the Scarani-Acin-Ribordy-Gisin 2004 (SARG04) QKD protocol, the unconditionally secure key can be extracted from the two-photon component by modifying the classical post-processing procedure in the BB84 protocol. Employing the merits of SARG04 QKD protocol and six-state preparation, one can extract secure key from the components of single photon up to four photons. In this paper, we provide the exact relations between the secure key rate and the bit error rate in a six-state SARG04 protocol with single-photon, two-photon, three-photon, and four-photon sources. By restricting the mutual information between the phase error and bit error, we obtain a higher secure bit error rate threshold of the multiphoton components than previous works. Besides, we compare the performances of the six-state SARG04 with other prepare-and-measure QKD protocols using decoy states.