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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Scalable generation of genuine multiparticle entanglement with superconducting qubits

Ming Gong, Ming-Cheng Chen, Yarui Zheng, Shiyu Wang, Chen Zha, Hui Deng, Zhiguang Yan, Hao Rong, Yulin Wu, Shaowei Li, Fusheng Chen, Youwei Zhao, Futian Liang, Lin Jin, Yu Xu, Cheng Guo, Lihua Sun, Anthony D. Castellano, Haohua Wang, Cheng-Zhi Peng, Chao‐Yang Lu, Xiaobo Zhu, Jian-Wei Pan

Published Mar 4, 2019• 0 citations
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We report the preparation and verification of a genuine 12-qubit entanglement in a superconducting processor. The processor that we designed and fabricated has qubits lying on a 1D chain with relaxation times ranging from 29.6 to 54.6 μs. The fidelity of the 12-qubit entanglement was measured to be above 0.5544±0.0025, exceeding the genuine multipartite entanglement threshold by 21 statistical standard deviations. After thermal cycling, the 12-qubit state fidelity was further improved to be above 0.707±0.008. Our entangling circuit to generate linear cluster states is depth invariant in the number of qubits and uses single- and double-qubit gates instead of collective interactions. Our results are a substantial step towards large-scale random circuit sampling and scalable measurement-based quantum computing.
Silicon spin qubits offer high-fidelity control and semiconductor manufacturing compatibility. However, the systematic generation and characterization of multiparticle entanglement, a core resource for quantum information science, remain elusive in such systems. Here, we demonstrate the complete preparation of all nine canonical families of four-qubit entanglement between donor spins in silicon, by designing hardware-efficient quantum circuits that use native multi-qubit operations. We employ advanced overlapping tomography and multifaceted verification to fully characterize these states. Our results confirm genuine multiparticle entanglement, resolve their entanglement structure, and assess their robustness under qubit loss. Moreover, we observe significant violations of multiparticle Bell-type inequalities for genuine four-qubit nonlocality. On the prepared Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state, we further uncover a noise-induced entanglement dynamics from distillable to bound and finally to separable, with bound entanglement unlocked via joint measurement. This work generates diverse entanglement resources alongside their complete characterization, establishing a foundation for entanglement-enabled quantum applications in silicon. Multiparticle entanglement in silicon spin qubits has been difficult to generate and fully characterize beyond three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states. Here, the authors demonstrate complete preparation and verification of all nine canonical families of four qubit entanglement in donor spins in silicon.