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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Nematic fluctuations close to quantum criticality: a new method for comparing simulations and experiments

Daniel Jost, Samuel Lederer, Thomas Boehm, Yoni Schattner, Erez Berg, Steven Allan Kivelson, Rudolf Hackl

Published Mar 7, 2019• 0 citations
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Nematic fluctuations in the Hubbard models

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Bulletin of the American Physical Society•Mar 3, 2020•0 citations
In this thesis, we will study aspects of two phases close to criticality arising in solid state systems with strong interactions between electrons. In the first part, we study finite temperature transport in a non-Fermi-liquid phase arising from a nodal semimetal with long-range interactions – the so-called Luttinger-Abrikosov-Beneslavskii phase. We are particularly interested in calculating the finite temperature shear viscosity of the phase and find that it is consistent with a bound proposed in the context of gauge-gravity duality. In the second part of the thesis, we study a minimal model of nematic fluctuations in the high-temperature superconductor iron selenide. Nematic fluctuations arising from a quantum critical point have been proposed to explain the phenomenology of several high-temperature superconductors. In a numerical simulation using determinant quantum Monte Carlo methods, we find no direct evidence of a nematic critical point. However, we still observe a wide region of superconductivity correlated with nematic fluctuations as well as an unusual antiferro-quadrupole order.
We study finite-temperature properties of metals close to an Ising-nematic quantum critical point in two spatial dimensions. In particular we show that at any finite temperature there is a regime where order parameter fluctuations are characterized by a dynamical critical exponent z=2z=2z=2, in contrast to z=3z=3z=3 found at zero temperature. Our results are based on a simple Eliashberg-type approach, which gives rise to a boson self-energy proportional to $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}/\ensuremath{\gamma}(T)$ at small momenta, where $\ensuremath{\gamma}(T)$ is the temperature dependent fermion scattering rate. These findings might shed some light on recent Monte Carlo simulations at finite temperature, where results consistent with z=2z=2z=2 were found.
We discuss the quantum phase transition between a quantum nematic metallic state to an electron metallic smectic state in terms of an order-parameter theory coupled to fermionic quasiparticles. Both commensurate and incommensurate smectic (or stripe) cases are studied. Close to the quantum critical point (QCP), the spectrum of fluctuations of the nematic phase has low-energy ``fluctuating stripes.'' We study the quantum critical behavior and find evidence that, contrary to the classical case, the gauge-type of coupling between the nematic and smectic is irrelevant at this QCP. The collective modes of the electron smectic (or stripe) phase are also investigated. The effects of the low-energy bosonic modes on the fermionic quasiparticles are studied perturbatively, for both a model with full rotational symmetry and for a system with an underlying lattice, which has a discrete point group symmetry. We find that at the nematic-smectic critical point, due to the critical smectic fluctuations, the dynamics of the fermionic quasiparticles near several points on the Fermi surface, around which it is reconstructed, are not governed by a Landau Fermi liquid theory. Surprisingly, the quasiparticles in the smectic phase also exhibit non-Fermi liquid behavior. We also present a detailed analysis of the dynamical susceptibilities in the electron nematic phase close to this QCP (the fluctuating stripe regime) and in the electronic smectic phase.