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Quantum Information and Measurement (QIM)

Demonstration of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Steering via Enhanced Subchannel Discrimination

Kai Sun, Xiang-Jun Ye, Jin‐Shi Xu, Chuan‐Feng Li, Guang‐Can Guo

Published Jan 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We designed a feasible collection of subchannels for a quantum channel and experimentally demonstrated the corresponding subchannel discrimination task where probabilities of correct discrimination are clearly enhanced by exploiting steerable states with the optical system.
DOI
10.1364/qim.2019.f5a.33

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Abstract Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering describes a quantum nonlocal phenomenon in which one party can nonlocally affect the other’s state through local measurements. It reveals an additional concept of quantum non-locality, which stands between quantum entanglement and Bell nonlocality. Recently, a quantum information task named as subchannel discrimination (SD) provides a necessary and sufficient characterization of EPR steering. The success probability of SD using steerable states is higher than using any unsteerable states, even when they are entangled. However, the detailed construction of such subchannels and the experimental realization of the corresponding task are still technologically challenging. In this work, we designed a feasible collection of subchannels for a quantum channel and experimentally demonstrated the corresponding SD task where the probabilities of correct discrimination are clearly enhanced by exploiting steerable states. Our results provide a concrete example to operationally demonstrate EPR steering and shine a new light on the potential application of EPR steering.
Steering is the entanglement-based quantum effect that embodies the "spooky action at a distance" disliked by Einstein and scrutinized by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen. Here we provide a necessary and sufficient characterization of steering, based on a quantum information processing task: the discrimination of branches in a quantum evolution, which we dub subchannel discrimination. We prove that, for any bipartite steerable state, there are instances of the quantum subchannel discrimination problem for which this state allows a correct discrimination with strictly higher probability than in the absence of entanglement, even when measurements are restricted to local measurements aided by one-way communication. On the other hand, unsteerable states are useless in such conditions, even when entangled. We also prove that the above steering advantage can be exactly quantified in terms of the steering robustness, which is a natural measure of the steerability exhibited by the state.
The subchannel discrimination task involves distinguishing between different branches of a quantum evolution. The guessing probability of this task can be enhanced using quantum resources such as entanglement and steerability. In this study, we explore how to optimize the task's guessing probability within the one-sided device-independent quantum information processing framework, which is naturally associated with steering, and restricted to one-way local operations and classical communication. From a theoretical standpoint, we demonstrate how to separately optimize local filters and measurements, and provide an optimality condition that directly links the enhancement of guessing probability to the maximum steerability achievable through local filters. We then experimentally demonstrate the enhancement of the discrimination task on a two-ququart photonic system by implementing the optimal local filters.
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering describes the ability of one party to remotely affect another's state through local measurements. One of the most distinguishable properties of EPR steering is its asymmetric aspect. Steering can work in one direction but fail in the opposite direction. This type of one-way steering, which is different from the symmetry concepts of entanglement and Bell nonlocality, has garnered much interest. However, an experimental demonstration of genuine one-way EPR steering in the simplest scenario, i.e., one that employs two-qubit systems, is still lacking. In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrate one-way EPR steering with multimeasurement settings for a class of two-qubit states, which are still one-way steerable even with infinite settings. The steerability is quantified by the steering radius, which represents a necessary and sufficient steering criterion. The demonstrated one-way steering in the simplest bipartite quantum system is of fundamental interest and may provide potential applications in one-way quantum information tasks.